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Patient Care and Assessment

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Tachycardia: abnormally rapid pulse (more than 100 beats per minute) ... Compare your findings with the normal range of 12-20 breaths per minute ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Patient Care and Assessment


1
Patient Care and Assessment
  • Chapter 6

2
Patient Assessment
  • Patients are intimidated in the hospital setting
  • Patient assessment important in setting
    priorities (i.e. the triage system)
  • As radiographers, we must assess patients to
    relay information to the radiologist

3
Personal Concerns
  • Help calm nervousness or anxiety of patients by
    reassuring them and fully communicating with them
  • If you start a procedure, stay with it until it
    is complete (even if it means rescheduling your
    lunch break)
  • Provide a safe place for valuables within the
    patients view (eyeglasses, keys, etc.)

4
Assessing Physiological Needs
  • Water dry mouth is common in sick or nervous
    people be sure you check the chart before you
    give someone a drink- sometimes fluids are
    restricted (pre-op)
  • NPO latin term meaning nothing by mouth.
    Lots of patients are NPO for radiologic
    procedures
  • Elimination elimination may be recorded in the
    chart on some patients (IO) assist patients to
    the restroom and help as needed- use a bedpan
    when necessary (see examples of bedpans and how
    to use them) Some patients have catheters (we
    will learn how to insert a catheter soon)
  • Colostomy care large or small bowel routed to
    an outside stoma patients wear an external bag
    to collect fecal material these patients carry
    their own supplies and may have disposable or
    reusable bags may ask for your help or may
    prefer to do the care on their own.

5
Taking a History (hx)
  • A complete history assists the radiologist focus
    his/her interpretation to meet the referring
    physicians needs for that patient
  • See chart on pp. 184 and 185 for history taking
    guidelines

6
Assessing Current Physical Status
  • Check the chart or check with the nurse of that
    patient
  • Physical evaluation or eyeballing the patient-
    skin color, skin temperature, LOC, breathing

7
Vital Signs
  • Temperature
  • Pulse
  • Respirations
  • Blood pressure

8
Temperature
  • Body temp will vary during the day, being lowest
    in the morning and higher in the evening
  • Normal oral range is 98.6-100.4 (take 1 degree
    away from a rectal and add 1 degree for axillary)
  • Fever pyrexia
  • Digital thermometers are the most common in
    hospitals
  • Rectal is not advised in certain cardiac patients
    as to avoid stimulating the vagus nerve
  • Oral is not advised when
  • Patient is on oxygen
  • Has had a hot or cold beverage
  • Patient is breathing through the mouth

9
Pulse
  • Tachycardia abnormally rapid pulse (more than
    100 beats per minute)
  • Bradycardia abnormally slow pulse (less than 60
    bpm)
  • Normal range is from 60-100 bpm in adults
  • Apical pulse may be taken with a stethoscope over
    the apex of the heart when the pulse is slow or
    irregular

10
Respirations
  • To count respirations, simply note the number of
    inhalations per minute
  • If you are having trouble, place a hand over the
    diaphragm
  • Compare your findings with the normal range of
    12-20 breaths per minute
  • Bradypnea slow breathing (less than 12 per
    minute)
  • Tachypnea fast breathing (more than 20 per
    minute)

11
Blood Pressure
  • Hypertension abnormally high BP
  • Hypotension abnormally low BP (can result in
    shock)
  • Blood pressure is measured using a stethoscope
    and a sphygmomanometer
  • Common BP range for adults is 110-120 systolic
    and 60-80 diastolic
  • Systolic top figure that represents the pumping
    action of the heart itself
  • Diastolic bottom figure that represents the
    ability of the arterial system to accept the
    pulse of blood forced into the system when the
    left ventricle contracts

12
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