The Technology Centre

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The Technology Centre
Guelph Chemical Laboratories
Chemisar Laboratories
Maxima Laboratories
Canadian CCEETI
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About the Centre
The Technology Centre is centrally located in the
Golden Triangle area, adjacent to the University
of Guelph, about 40 minutes drive from Pearson
International Airport, Toronto and Toronto's most
distinctive CN Tower (the world's tallest
free-standing structure). The Technology Centre
in houses a group of four independent companies
organized to serve you better in their respective
areas of specialization. The companies are
located on the premises of the Technology Centre
Building with a full range of modern Laboratory
equipment facilities for Laboratory Services
and facilities for Clean Energy and Environmental
Technologies Development Programmes.
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Laboratory Services
1. GUELPH CHEMICAL LABORATORIES (est. 1978)

• Water, Wastewaters and Soils Testing by Ontario
  Ministry of Environment U.S. EPA Methods
• All Aspects of MISA Testing Hazardous Waste
  Management
• Coal, Coke Petroleum Product Analysis using
  ASTM Procedures
• Microanalytical (C,H,N,O,S) services in support
  of R D in Universities, Governments and
  Industries
• Research Development

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Laboratory Services
2. CHEMISAR LABORATORIES (est. 1988)

• Air Quality Assessment
• Air Emissions Monitoring
• Industrial Hygiene Services
• Compressed Breathing Air Testing
• Stack Gas Testing Characterization
• Compliance Assurance Maintenance
• Pharmaceuticals Testing using USP and BP methods
• Research in Support of Services Technology
  Development

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Canadian Technology Transfer International
Development
3. MAXIMA LABORATORIES (CANADA) Inc.

• Research Development
• Sustainable Development
• Pre-Feasibility Studies
• Feasibility Studies
• Renewable Energy
• CO2 Emission Reduction Projects
• Offers Special Project Support Services
• Project Design Document for CDM Projects
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
  Change
• Carbon Credits through International Development
• Emphasis on Biomass Energy...

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Canadian Technology Transfer International
Development
4. CANADIAN CONSORTIUM OF CLEAN ENERGY
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES Inc.

• Through the collaboration of leading Canadian
  companies, an Environment Energy team is
  assembled to transfer the Clean Energy and
  Environmental Technologies for Sustainable
  Development.
• A team of multi-disciplinary companies accomplish
  the project in the most efficient and economical
  way. Biomass power projects, municipal solid
  waste to energy, solid waste management,
  environmental impact assessment and technical
  training programmes are available.

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Guelph Chemical Laboratories Ltd.
Reflecting a great laboratory's commitment to
"The Environment, Energy Research"
The Technology Centre Building 24 Corporate
CourtGuelph, OntarioN1G 5G5
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About GCL
Since 1978 our laboratories have been helping
industries working with chemicals, so that they
can handle them more safely. We know CHEMISTRY of
processes. We are Chemists and Chemical Engineers
engaged in environmental services and research,
with each team headed by a specialist.
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Personnel
All key personnel involved in analysis possess
University degrees. As a minimum, supervisors of
analytical work and research have many years of
experience in analytical chemistry with Ph.D.
degrees and strong problem solving capabilities.
The senior scientific staff is supported by
experienced technicians and technologists.
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Approved Laboratories
GCL follows NIOSH, MOL, MOE EPA approved
methods and enters into the QA/QC program of
CAEAL. Our results and reports have been accepted
by

• Industrial Accident and Prevention Association
• Consumer and Corporate Affairs
• Workers Compensation Board
• Ministry of Labour
• Ministry of the Environment
• Environment Canada
• Other regulatory authorities

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About QA/QC
Analytical integrity is maintained through
analysis of QA/QC check samples. Blank samples
are analyzed at no charge to clients. Spiked and
replicate analyses are performed to measure
precision and accuracy. Inter-laboratory and
Intra-laboratory QA/QC are also carried out. SOP
is provided. Instrument calibrations and Method
validations are performed to ensure accuracy.
Approved EPA and NIST standards are used in
instrumental calibrations. Millipore ultra purity
water is used in the preparation of solution for
analysis. Analytical grade acids and reagents
meeting the specifications are used.
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Environmental Services
Physical Inorganic Analysis
Parameters Analyzed Include

• Acidity
• TKN
• Phosphates
• Sulphate
• Sulphide
• Halogens (Cl, Br, I, F)
• COD
• Chromium
• Phenols

• Silica
• Solids
• Sodium
• Cyanide
• Nitrite
• Nitrate
• Absorption Ratio
• many more..

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Environmental Services
Metal Analysis
Digestion, Preconcentration and Extraction
techniques, depending upon the nature of the
metal, are routinely performed. AA, ICAP,
Hydride Generation and Cold Vapour techniques are
appropriately used.
ANALYSIS BY ICPState-of-the-Art ICP systems are
used in the analysis of metals.
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Environmental Services
Organic Analysis
Pollutants by GC/MS
Other GC/MS Services

• Volatile organic compounds
• Base/Neutral Extractables
• Acid Extractables
• Polynulclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
• Organochlorinated Pesticides PCBs
• Chlorinated Aromatic (GC/ECD)
• Gasoline, Diesel other Fuel Identification

• BTEX
• Halogenated Organics
• Identification and Characterization
• Total Purgeable Hydrocarbons (TPH)
• Total Extractable Hydrocarbons

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Environmental Services
Water Analysis
Guelph Chemical Laboratories routinely performs
analysis of drinking water, groundwater and
surface water samples for a variety of parameters
and test groups. Services offered include

• Inorganics (Metals and Ions)
• VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)
• PCB Analysis
• PAH Analysis
• Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

• Microbiological Testing (E.coli, Total Coliforms,
  Heterotrophic Plate Count) by arrangement with
  collaborative laboratories
• Various other parameters

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Environmental Services
Wastewater Analysis
Effluent discharge from industry into the local
sanitary or storm sewer system requires
monitoring to ensure compliance with municipal
bylaws. GCL can assist industries in the
following ways

• Analysis of wastewater samples for complete sewer
  bylaw scan, or individual parameters
• Sampling technicians available to come to your
  facility and collect samples
• We provide sample containers with appropriate
  preservatives to clients who collect their own
  samples

• Our reports are presented in a format easy for
  clients to compare results of samples to the
  allowable limits for their municipality
• Composite Sampling services (24 hours and 7 days)

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Environmental Services
Soil Analysis
Samples from contaminated sites, remediation
projects, and properties involved in real-estate
transactions are frequently analyzed by our
laboratories. Additionally, we offer analysis of
soils for determination of nutrients and
fertility. Analysis is carried out as per
Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Guidelines for
Use at Contaminated sites in Ontario (GUCSO) and
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
(CCME) guidelines.
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Environmental Services
Soil Analysis (continued ..)
Some of our Soil Analysis services include

• Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds
• Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (Gas/Diesel)
• Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (Heavy Oils)
• Metals
• Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen determination
• Total Organic Carbon Determination
• Particle Size
• PCB Analysis
• PAH Analysis
• Analysis of samples as per MOE Compost Guidelines

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Environmental Services
Industrial Waste Characterization
Ontario Regulation 558 (replacing Regulation 347)
has been implemented by the Ministry of the
Environment and requires that all generators of
liquid industrial and hazardous waste test their
waste streams against the new criteria. GCL can
assist waste generators and disposal companies as
follows

• Conduct waste audit in plants
• Review plant processes and MSDS to determine
  which parameters need to be analyzed for a
  particular waste stream
• Our technicians are available to come to your
  facility to collect representative samples for
  testing

• Analysis of parameters listed on Regulation 558
  is carried out in our lab using the USEPA-SW846
  TCLP (Toxicity Characterization Leaching
  Procedure)

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Environmental Services
Facilities for Rush Services
State-of-the-Art facilities and expert chemists
give our laboratories the capability of handling
virtually all environmental analytical
requirements. Equipment and personnel resources
allow us to provide our clients with the option
of Rush Service (Same Day, 24 Hours 48 Hours)
for time critical projects, for a certain number
of samples.
GC/MS with Purge, Trap Cryogenic Cooling
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Elemental Analysis
Microanalysis
Our State-of-the-Art elemental analyzers provide
reliable and accurate data in a timely manner.
Our services are used by Universities,
Government, Research Institutions, and a wide
range of industries. Analytical support services
are provided to a diverse group of industrial
clients and institutions such as

• Coal, Coke and Petroleum Products
• Rubber and Plastics
• Pulp and Paper
• Organic Chemicals
• Paints Pigments
• Pharmaceuticals Cosmetics

• Food and Beverage
• Universities Colleges
• Government Regulatory Bodies
• Hospitals Medical Facilities

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Elemental Analysis
Microanalysis
Our Microanalytical Services include

• Carbon, Hydrogen Nitrogen Analysis
• Oxygen Analysis
• Sulphur Analysis
• Halogens Determinations
• Ash Content
• Heat Value (BTU/lb)
• Moisture (Loss on Drying)
• Water (Karl Fischer)
• Ultimate Analysis Proximate Analysis
• BET Surface Area Measurement

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Other Services
Contaminated Real Estate Assessment
Cleanup of contaminated land will become a
concern prior to land purchases. Site
investigations and sampling services by qualified
personnel prior to any land purchase is available.
Provincial Soil Decommissioning Guidelines
Complete analysis of various parameters are
performed
MISA Analytical Services
Complete analysis is offered
Ontario Regulation Compliances
Both inorganic and organic parameters are analyzed
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Other Services
Coal, Coke Petroleum Product Analyses
A full range of services including

• Ultimate
• Proximate
• Heat Value

Coal, Coke Petroleum Product Analyses

• Pyrolysis and FHP
• Catalyst Characterization
• Catalyst Development Testing

• Hydrogenation
• PONA Analysis
• Simulated Distillation

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Our Clients
Some of the Users of Our Services
Industries
Canadian Universities
ABBAlcan InternationalAult FoodsBabcock
WilcoxBayer RubberC.I.L. ResearchCanadian
Standards Assoc.Canadian TireCOMDEVDomtarDofas
co Inc.Dow Chemical CanadaDuPont CanadaGaz
MetropolitainGSWHonda CanadaICI
CanadaImperial Tobacco
Imperial Oil, ESSOITT CanadaJohnson
JohnsonKimberly ClarkKuriyama
CanadaLaidlawLinamar CorporationMerck
FrosstMoore Business FormsNational
StandardNORDION International Inc.NovopharmOnta
rio HydroPepsi ColaPetro CanadaShell
CanadaToyota CanadaW.C. Wood Co.
University of British ColumbiaBrock
UniversityUniversity of CalgaryCarleton
UniversityConcordia UniversityDalhousie
UniversityUniversity of GuelphUniversity of
ManitobaMemorial University of
NewfoundlandMcGill UniversityMcMaster
UniversityUniversity of MontrealUniversity of
New BrunswickUniversity of OttawaQueen's
UniversityUniversity of ReginaUniversity of
SaskatchewanUniversity of SherbrookeUniversity
of TorontoTrent UniversityUniversity of Western
OntarioUniversity of WindsorYork University
Government
Agriculture CanadaHealth Welfare
CanadaDepartment of National DefenseOntario
Ministry of LabourOntario Ministry of the
EnvironmentOntario Ministry of Transport
Natural Resources CanadaCANMET Energy
TechnologyCanada Centre for Inland
WatersRevenue Canada Environment Canada
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CHEMISAR Laboratories Inc.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS YOU CAN TRUST
The Technology Centre Building 24 Corporate
CourtGuelph, OntarioN1G 5G5
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About Chemisar
CHEMISAR is one of Canadas most reputable
laboratories specializing in Air Quality
Assessment, Emission Measurements and
Pharmaceutical testing including elemental
analysis from Pharmaceutical companies. CHEMISAR
Laboratories is Health Canada licensed for drug
testing.
BECAUSE QUALITY COUNTS WE CAN HELP
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Industrial Hygiene Services
Decades of Experience in Turning Complex
Industrial Hygiene Problems into Simple Solutions

We Test
And designate most hazardous

• Dusts
• Fibres
• Gases
• Welding Fumes
• Metals
• Noise
• Organics
• Solvents
• Biological Exposure

• Isocyanates
• Lead
• Mercury
• PCBs
• Silica
• Styrene
• Vinyl Chloride

• Ethylene Oxide
• Arsenic
• Acrylonitrile
• Benzene
• Cadmium
• Chromium
• Oven Emissions

or other contaminants in your workplace or
emissions into natural air.
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Personnel
Dr. Pandey holds a Ph.D. in Chemistry from
Canadas most prestigious Queens University. The
industrial hygiene team is headed by a senior
scientist at a Ph.D. level who is assisted by a
team of industrial hygienists, sampling
technicians, analysts, chemical engineers at the
Ph.D. level, and medical consultants. Naturally,
we understand the contaminants in-depth and take
all precautions necessary in sample collection,
preservation and analysis.
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Personnel
In-house Laboratories Analysis
Samples collected in the field are directly
brought to our laboratories for analysis. The
analysis is performed by highly trained
technicians at the B.Sc., and M.Sc. Levels under
a rigid quality control program. Since there is
no transit involved, the samples integrity is
better assured.
Ministry of Labour, Government of Ontario
In the past, a senior scientist of the Industrial
Hygiene group was in charge of the Ministry of
Labour project entitled, A Survey of Solvent
Inhalation in Ontario Industries. The report
was judged as a benchmark.
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Approved Laboratories
CHEMISAR follows NIOSH, MOL, MOE EPA approved
methods and enters into QA/QC programs of the
Ministry of Labour and CAEAL. GCL and CHEMISAR
results and reports have been accepted by

• Industrial Accident and Prevention Association
• Consumer and Corporate Affairs
• Workers Compensation Board
• Ministry of Labour
• Environment Canada
• Other regulatory authorities

.. and CHEMISAR is Health Canada Approved
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Air Emissions
Stack Gas Testing
The combined capabilities of CHEMISAR GCL, two
companies under the same premises and centralized
management, work together to provide the best
value to the client. CHEMISAR specializes in
emissions measurement technologies and related
pollution control processes, and GCL specializes
in water and soils testing.
Compliance Assurance Testing Are we meeting the
global objective?
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Air Emissions
Air Pollution Models (Ministry of the
Environment)
Computerized air dispersion models are used to
compute contaminant concentrations and emission
rates.
The Following Services are Offered

• Certificates of Approval
• Emissions monitoring
• Emissions inventories
• Emissions estimates control

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Pharmaceutical Analysis
The Pharmaceutical Testing Component of CHEMISAR
is located in the same premises with its
dedicated facilities and capabilities for
performing all tests, assays and analyses in
compliance with

• USP and BP Specifications
• US FDA and HPB Canada Regulations
• Requirements for cGMP and cGLP
• Standard Operating Procedures
• Method validation for all new methods/instruments
• USP and NF standards, reagents and references
• Established Quality Control and Quality Assurance
  Procedures

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Pharmaceutical Analysis
Audits
Regular evaluations and audits are carried out by
Government Agencies and Pharmaceutical Companies.
In support of our rigorous QA/QC program,
CHEMISAR Laboratories has established and
maintains the highest level of performance in all
of its projects. The program implements the
policies to assure the validity and integrity of
the analytical data. Major emphasis is placed
upon qualifications of personnel and adequacy of
facilities and equipment to achieve the highest
degree of Precision and Accuracy of results.
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Pharmaceutical Analysis
CHEMISAR Laboratories meets all the requirements
of a fully operational Quality Control / Quality
Assurance Laboratory and provides a comprehensive
range of analytical methods used in the
Pharmaceutical industry for the measurement of
drugs, impurities and excipients in
Pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets,
ointments and injectables. Amongst numerous
assays and tests, we perform

• C,H,N,O, Halogens and Metals Scan
• Routine Quality Control
• Assay of Active Ingredients and Uniformity of
  Dosage
• Stability Testing
• Method Development
• Purity Testing

• Vitamins Analyses
• Organic Volatiles
• Amino Acids
• OTC Drugs
• Raw Materials
• Intermediates
• and many more ...

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Equipment and Facilities
We offer comprehensive Air Quality Assessment and
Analytical Services, with R D Facilities
capable of Technology Development. Major
State-of-the-Art instrumentations include
Hewlett-Packard GC-MS, HPLCs, and numerous
chromatographs with TCD, ECD, and FID detectors
several auto samplers and capillary capabilities
several elemental analyzers with complete
Micro-Analytical setup and several micro/macro
analytical balances facilities for routine
analytical methods and ASTM procedures ...
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Equipment and Facilities
Facilities for continuous Flash Hydropyrolysis,
Hydropyrolysis and lab scale experimental
apparatuses for energy conversion, gaseous fuel
storage studies and other complex analytical
facilities are unique capabilities of our
laboratories. Metals are routinely analyzed by
AA, hydride generation and ICAP techniques. UV,
VIS and IR spectroscopic methods are also used in
the analytical process.
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Our Clients
Some of the Users of Our Services
Pharmaceutical Medical Sciences
Universities
University of WashingtonUniversity of
WisconsinLaval UniversityMcGill
UniversityMcMaster UniversityQueen's
UniversityUniversity of GuelphUniversity of
ManitobaUniversity of MontrealUniversity of
OttawaUniversity of SherbrookeUniversity of
TorontoUniversity of Western OntarioUniversity
of WindsorYork University
Albert Einstein School of MedicineAllelix
BiopharmaceuticalsApotex Inc.Astra
PharmaceuticalsAyerst Veterinary
LaboratoriesBencard Allergy Laboratories
Biochem Pharmaceuticals CATO Research (USA)
Connaught Laboratories Custom Pharmaceuticals
Druggists' CorporationJohnson Johnson Merck
Frost Montreal Neurological Inst. Novocol
Pharmaceuticals Novopharm Ontario Cancer
Research Institute Pharmaphil Phoenix
International Life Sciences R.P. Scherer
Boston UniversityBrown UniversityCornell
UniversityCity University of New YorkMichigan
State UniversityOhio State UniversityPurdue
UniversityPrinceton UniversityState University
of New YorkUniveristy of ArizonaUniversity of
CaliforniaUniveristy of ChicagoUniversity of
HoustonUniversity of North Texas
Industries
ABBAlcan InternationalBabcock Wilcox Domtar
Dow Chemical Canada DuPont CanadaGSWICI
CanadaImperial Tobacco
Imperial Oil, ESSOITT CanadaKimberly
ClarkMoore Business FormsOntario HydroPetro
CanadaShell Canada
Government
Agriculture CanadaCanada Centre for Inland
WatersCANMET Energy TechnologyDepartment of
National DefenseEnvironment CanadaHealth
Welfare CanadaNatural Resources CanadaOntario
Ministry of LabourOntario Ministry of the
EnvironmentOntario Ministry of TransportRevenue
Canada
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International Clients
Our Laboratories have had many international
clients including those from Argentina, Brazil,
India, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Nigeria, and the
USA.
CHEMISAR Laboratories meets all the requirements
of a fully operational Quality Control / Quality
Assurance Laboratory and provides a comprehensive
range of analytical methods used in the
pharmaceutical industry for the measurement of
drugs, impurities and excipients in
pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets,
ointments and injectables.
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MAXIMA Laboratories
The Technology Centre Building 24 Corporate
CourtGuelph, OntarioN1G 5G5
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Feasibility Studies for Integrated Process for
Generation of Electricity, Alcohol other
products from Sugarcane (Bagasse) and
Agricultural Residues
(A brief presentation on an Environmentally
Friendly Program for sustainable Energy and
Increased Profitability to Sugarcane Factories)
Dr. R. N. Pandey MAXIMA LABORATORIES (CANADA)
INC. CANADIAN CONSORTIUM OF CLEAN ENERGY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
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Presentation Outline (in Brief)

• Mission
• Objectives
• How Feasibility Studies are done
• Proposed Integrated Sugarcane Factory, as
  Bioenergy Centre
• Diversified Products of Proposed Sugarcane
  Factory with Electrical Energy and Biofuel centre
  (small refinery)

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Sugarcane biomass to various products
Sugar For eating
Electricity For households, businesses, farms
Sugarcane Field
Sugar mill
Alcohol For vehicles and other products
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Mission

• Evaluation of an economically attractive, fully
  diversified and environmentally sound integrated
  process for sugar cane utilization
• Maximize sugar mills revenues, profits and their
  long term financial performance via
  diversification
• Help sugar mills gain additional income

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Mission
cont.

• HELP to mitigate GLOBAL WARMING by providing
  renewable energy source with no net emission of
  carbon dioxide

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Objectives of the Feasibility Study

• Prepare a plan for the integrated facility based
  on a comprehensive feasibility study
• Economic Evaluation of a complete utilization of
  sugarcane and agriculture residues in the region
• In order to meet the above objectives, the
  following tasks are performed as shown in the
  next page under How will it be done

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How will it be done?
Comprehensive Work Program (Feasibility Study)

• Task 1 Meeting with the sugarmill Management
  walk-through survey of the facilities to observe
  the current process.
• Task 2 Collect Data on Process, Water Waste
  Water Management, facilities review, production
  level, mass energy balance, local, state
  federal environmental laws

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How will it be done?
cont.

• Task 3 Assessment of quality quantity of the
  other biomass materials available their
  transport costs to the mill, such as cane trash
  tops, wheat straws, rice husks, mango waste,
  potato residue and other biomass in the region
  for continued operation of the mill throughout
  the year

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How will it be done?
cont.

• Task 4 Testing characterization of biomass
  samples
• Task 5 Economic Analysis of the Proposed
  Integrated Process of Sugarcane Factory and
  Bioenergy centre
• Task 6 Project specific Greenhouse gas emission
  baseline studies shall be conducted
• Task 7 Project Design Document

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Proposed Integrated and Diversified
Sugarcane Factory
Sugar

• Sugarcane/Trash Tops, Other Biomass

CO2 to Algae Pond
Sugar Mill
Juice/Molasses
Fermentation to Ethanol
Bagasse
Steam
Power and Steam Generation
Ethanol
Transport Fuel
Animal Feed
Aqueous Stream for Irrigation etc.
Public Utility
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Proposed Sugar mill facility to include

• Power and steam generation from cane residue
  
• Ethanol for transportation fuel by fermentation.
• Production of chemicals and fertilizers.
• Animal feed production.
• Carbon dioxide utilization by algae growth.
• Utilization of aqueous stream generated.

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List of Commercial Products of Proposed facility

• Sugar, Molasses, Rum
• Power Steam
• Lignin
• Gypsum
• Carbon dioxide
• Dehydrated Ethanol
• Protein for Animal Feed
• Water for Crop Irrigation

Carbonated drinks
Fire extinguisher
Dry Ice
Note
These products are further high-lighted on the
next page with their estimated quantities.
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Some Quantitative Estimates of Products of
Proposed Integrated Process

• Sugar Factory Products

Feedstock Production SugarCane
Feedstock Preparation
Molasses
Rum
4
(72,000 tns)
Juice Extraction
Prepared Cane
Sugar
11
(210,000 tns)
(1,800,000 tns)
31
Bagasse
Bioenergy Power Plant
(558,000tns)
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Some Quantitative Estimates of Products of
Proposed Integrated Process
cont.

• Biofuel Other Products

To Bioenergy Power Plant
From feedstock preparation
Hydrolysis Treatment
Lignin
Prepared Trash Tops
15
Algae Ponds
(180,000 tns)
(27,000 tns)
Fermentation Distillation
ETHANOL Dehydrated
Carbon Dioxide
Carbonated Drinks
(25,200 tns)
(45,000,000 Litres)
Fire Extinguisher
Animal Protein
Processing
Crop Irrigation
15
Dry Ice
(27,000 tns)
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Reflection on the Major Economic Advantages

• Sugar mill revenues multiply by a factor of about
  2
• Ethanol can be easily blended with gasoline
  thereby reducing dependence on petroleum driven
  fuels
• Maximize energy efficiency and profitability of
  Sugar mills

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Environmental Advantages

• A Sustainable renewable fuel for the 21st century
• Bagasse is a biomass material and thus there is
  no net emission of Carbon Dioxide
• When Coal or other fossil fuels are displaced by
  bagasse or other biomass material there are
  enormous savings of Greenhouse gas (GHG)
  emissions to prevent climate change

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Environmental Advantages
cont.

• CO2 causes Global Climate change. Increase 0.5
  per year. Since 1960 atmospheric CO2 is up more
  than 10.
• The longer the period we use oil and coal to
  produce CO2, the tougher will be the crisis which
  will follow.
• It is therefore imperative to increase the use of
  our sustainable energy alternative.

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Environmental Advantages
cont.

• IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE Slow down the Greenhouse
  Effect, Stabilize the CO2 concentration
• The combined capability of the sugar mills, for
  example, the 450 in India, many more in each of
  the other 80 Countries of the world, by using
  the proposed Integrated Process, have the
  potential to meet the Global GHG reduction
  objective

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Typical Example of Per-Capita Carbon Dioxide
Emissions (tonnes) per year by various countries
Per Capita CO2 (metric tonnes)
Country

• Brazil 1.39
• China 2.27
• Czech Republic 13.04
• Japan 8.79
• Russia 14.11
• Swaziland 0.33
• India 0.88
• Malaysia 3.74
• UK 9.78
• US 19.13
• Canada 18.19 (assuming 564
  megatonnes emission per
  year)

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Current Focus
Fulfilling the upcoming Energy demand from
non-polluting sources

• As seen CO2 emissions of developing countries are
  lower than developed countries
• Growth for necessity of developing countries
  would require Energy consumption to approach
  developed country as a model
• Proposed Integrated Process directs away from
  polluting sources to non-polluting sustainable
  energy
• The favorable impact on Air Quality and Global
  Climate change shall be phenomenal in the long
  term and has the potential to meet the Kyoto
  Protocol

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HIGHLIGHTS OF SOME OF THE RECENT AND CURRENT
RESEARCH PROJECTS AT THE TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
63
Direct Conversion of Natural Gas to Value-added
Products
Petrochemical Feedstock
Ethylene Other Olefins
OxidativeCoupling
Oligomerization
Natural Gas
Chlorohydro Carbons
OxyhydroChlorination
Gasoline Distillates
Oligomerization
Methyl Chloride
Para-xylene
Alkylation
Syngas
Partial Oxidation
Hythane
Controlled Oxidation
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Conversion of Natural Gas to Gasoline via
Oxidative coupling and Oligomerization
NG
Recycle
REACTOR 1Oxidative Coupling
Product Recovery
REACTOR 2Oligomerization
CO2 / H2ORemoval
olefins
O2
CO2 / H2O
Gasoline
The project focuses on conversion of natural gas
to gasoline-boiling range hydrocarbons via an
integrated approach of oxidative coupling and
oligomerization. Natural gas reacts with oxygen
in the Reactor 1 over a metal oxide based
catalyst to produce olefins, predominantly
ethylene and propylene. The reactor effluent is
then fed to Reactor 2 where olefins undergo
oligomerization over a zeolite based catalyst to
produce gasoline range hydrocarbons.
Reactor 1 Oxidative Coupling
600-800o C
Methane Oxygen
Olefins (Ethylene, propylene)
Catalyst
Reactor 2 Oligomerization
600-800o C
Olefins
Gasoline
Catalyst
65
Chemisar Fluidized Bed Reactor System For
Studying Methane Oxidative Coupling Process
66
Conversion of Natural Gas to Para-xylene via
Oxyhydrochlorination and Alkylation
NG
Recycle
REACTOR 1Oxyhydro-chlorination
Methyl Chloride Purification
REACTOR 2Alkylation
CO2 / H2ORecovery
MeCl
Chlorohydro-carbons
HClRecovery
CO2 / H2O
HCl
Product Recovery
O2
P-Xylene
Reactor 1 Oxyhydrochlorination
This project focuses on the conversion of natural
gas to p-xylene via the integrated approach of
oxyhydrochlorination and alkylation. Para-xylene
is an important industrial feedstock used in the
manufacture of polyester fibres and film,
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polybutylene
Terephthalate. Natural gas reacts with oxygen and
hydrogen chloride over a mixed chloride catalyst
in the oxyhydrochlorination reactor, producing
chlorohydrocarbons. MeCl is separated from the
chlorohydrocarbon mixture and fed to a second
reactor to which toluene is introduced. MeCl
reacts with toluene over a shape selective
catalyst producing x-xylene.
300-400o C
Methane Oxygen
Methyl Chloride
Catalyst
Reactor 2 Toluene Methylation
325-400o C
Methyl chloride Toluene
p-Xylene
Catalyst
67
Reactor Assembly to Study Production of P-Xylene
by Alkylation of Toluene with Methyl Chloride
68
Industrial Use of p-Xylene(p-xylene is an
important feedstock)
Phthalic Anhydride
Benzoic Acid
p-xylene
Dimethyl Terephthalate
Isophthalic/Terephthalic Acid
Polyethylene Terephthalate
Polybutylene Terephthalate
Plastic Bottle
69
Conversion of Natural Gas to Gasoline via
Oxyhydrochlorination and Oligomerization
NG
Recycle
REACTOR 1Oxyhydro-chlorination
CO2 / H2ORecovery
Product Recovery
REACTOR 2Oligomerization
chlorohydro-carbons
HClRecovery
CO2 / H2O
Gasoline
HCl
O2
This project is focused on conversion of natural
gas to liquid fuels by the integrated process of
oxyhydrochlorination and oligomerization. Natural
Gas reacts with oxygen and hydrogen chloride over
a mixed chloride catalyst in an
oxyhydrochlorination reactor to produce
chlorohydrocarbons. The chlorinated hydrocarbons
are fed to the second reactor where they are
oligomerized to gasoline.
Reactor 1 Oxidative Coupling
300-400o C
CH4 O2 HCl
Chloromethane
Catalyst
Reactor 2 Oligomerization
600-800o C
Gasoline
Chloromethane
Catalyst
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Synthesis Gas Production by Partial Oxidation of
Methane Using Membrane Reactor
This project focuses on the development of
membrane reactor technology for the production of
synthesis gas by partial oxidation of methane.
Methane reacts with oxygen over a catalyst in an
H2-permeable membrane reactor, producing
synthesis gas (a mixture of CO and H2). Membrane
reactor permits continuous and selective
withdrawal of H2 from the reaction zone, so that
conversion yield surpassing thermodynamic
equilibrium values can be achieved.
Membrane Reactor Partial Oxidation
600-750o C
Methane Oxygen
Syngas (mixture of CO and H2)
Catalyst
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Conversion of Natural Gas to Hythane (a Fuel of
the Future)
CO2
NG
Sulfur compounds
Water Vapour
Catalytic Reactor 400oC, 1atm
MEA Scrubber
Feed Gas Pretreatment
Preheater
Heat Recovery
CH4
CH4, H2, CO2, CO (if any)
CH4, H2, CO2, CO (if any)
Gas Blender
Vehicles
Methanator
Hythane
CH4, H2
600-750o C
Hythane
Methane Water
This project deals with the conversion of Natural
Gas to Hythane fuel. Hythane, a mixture of
Hydrogen and Natural Gas (10 - 20 hydrogen, 80
- 90 natural gas) is receiving considerable
attention as a promising alternative fuel. Our
laboratories have developed a process for on-site
production of Hythane at gas filling stations. It
involves controlled oxidation of methane with
water vapour over a metal based catalyst at
temperature between 300 and 400oC
Catalyst

• Advantages of Hythane Fuel
• Very low emissions of CO, NOx and THC
• Smaller volume of CO2 emissions as combustion
  products, compared with other fuels including
  natural gas
• Increase of lean operating limits

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Production of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels from Pitch
Materials by Flash Hydropyrolysis
This project deals with production of
transportation of fuels from low-value
carbonaceous materials such as pitch and tar.

• The pitch feedstock is pumped along with hydrogen
  at high pressure to flash hydropyrolysis reactor,
  maintained at high temperature.
• The pitch is rapidly heated to high temperature
  under flowing hydrogen.
• The high molecular weight material is converted
  to fragments of lower molecular weight, which
  react with hydrogen to form valuable gaseous and
  liquid fuels.

Flash Hydropyrolysis
Gaseous Fuels Liquid Fuels
Pitch Hydrogen
400-800o C
with or without Catalysts
(Methane, Ethane) (Gasoline, Diesel)
73
Production of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels from Pitch
Materials by Flash Hydropyrolysis
cont.
74
Canadian CCEETI
Climate Change
The Technology Centre Building 24 Corporate
CourtGuelph, OntarioN1G 5G5
CDM IS THE MOST VIABLE OPTION FOR CARBON EMISSION
REDUCTION - PREVENTING GLOBAL WARMING
Vasudeva Kutambham The World is One Family
75
Contact Us
Under centralized management, and with over 25
years of experience, our companies have the
resources, capabilities, and expertise to respond
to the needs of our clients. "We welcome the
opportunity in the many ways that our companies
can be of service to Industries, Governments and
other Institutions."
Our Address TECHNOLOGY CENTRE BUILDING 24
Corporate Court Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5G5 CANADA
Phone [phone]Fax [phone]
3 Email info_at_chemisar.com rnp_at_chemisar.com