TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES

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TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• A WORKSHOP ON CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON
• LIVING WITH RISK SUCCESSFULLY

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REDUCTION OF URBAN VULNERABILITY

• PREVENTION (CONTROL THE SOURCE)
• PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND)
• LAND-USE CONTROL

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REDUCTION OF URBAN VULNERABILITY

• SITE MODIFICATION
• ALERT/WARNING/ MAPS/MOMITORING
• RESPONSE TO ALERT/WARNING/ MAPS/MONITORING

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NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR REDUCING URBAN VULNERABILITY

• REMOTE SENSING AND MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES
  (E.G., GPS)
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (E.G., GIS)

• DATABASES FOR EXPERT SYSTEMS
• CASE HISTORIES
• IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL VULNERABILITY FOR
  EACH NATURAL HAZARD

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NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR REDUCING URBAN VULNERABILITY

• ADVANCED MATERIALS
• AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

• ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES
• BEST PRACTICES
• COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

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REDUCTION OF URBAN VULNERABILITY

• An Incremental Process

ANALYZE VULNERABILTIES
INDENTIFY REDUCTION OPTIONS
ADOPT BEST SOLUTIONS
INITATE ACTIONS
CORRECTIONS
EVALUATE BENEFIT/COST
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
None, if attention given to foundation and non
structural elements. Rocking may crack
foundation and structure.
1-2
Box
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
None, if attention given to foundation and non
structural elements. Rocking may crack
foundation.
1
Pyramid
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Top heavy, asymmetrical structure may fail at
foundation due to rocking and overturning.
4 - 6
Inverted Pyramid
10
ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Vertical transition in mass, stiffness, and
damping may cause failure at foundation and
transition points at each floor.
2 - 3
Multiple Setbacks
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Asymmetry and horizontal transition in mass,
stiffness and damping may cause failure where
lower and upper structures join.
5 - 6
L- Shaped Building
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Vertical transition and asymmetry may cause
failure where lower part is attached to tower.
3 - 5
Inverted T
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Top heavy asymmetrical structure may fail at
transition point and foundation due to rocking
and overturning.
4 - 5
Overhang
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Horizontal and vertical transitions in mass and
stiffness may cause failure on soft side of first
floor rocking and overturning.
6 - 7
Partial Soft Story
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Vertical transitions in mass and stiffness may
cause failure on transition points between first
and second floors.
8 - 10
Soft First Floor
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Horizontal and vertical transitions in mass and
stiffness may cause failure at transition points
and possible overturning.
9 - 10
Combination of Soft Story and Overhang
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Horizontal transition in stiffness of soft story
columns may cause failure of columns at
foundation and/or contact points with structure.
10
Building on Sloping Ground
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE
BUILDING ELEVATION
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Horizontal and vertical transition in mass and
stiffness may cause failure columns.
9 - 10
Sports Stadiums
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
FLOOR PLAN
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
None, if symmetrical layout maintained.
1
Box
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
FLOOR PLAN
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Differences in length and width will cause
differences in strength, differential movement,
and possible overturning.
2 - 4
Rectangle
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
FLOOR PLAN
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Asymmetry will cause torsion and enhance damage
at corners.
2 - 4
Street Corner
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
FLOOR PLAN
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Asymmetry will enhance damage at corner regions.
5 - 10
U - Shape
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
FLOOR PLAN
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Open space in center reduces resistance and
enhance damage at corner regions.
4
Courtyard in Corner
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
FLOOR PLAN
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Asymmetry will cause torsion and enhance damage
at intersection and corners.
8
L - Shape
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
FLOOR PLAN
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Directional variation in stiffness will enhance
damage at intersecting corner.
5 - 7
H - Shape
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ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
FLOOR PLAN
RELATIVE VULERABILITY 1 (Best) to 10
(Worst)
Asymmetry and directional variation in stiffness
will enhance torsion and damage at intersecting.
8 - 10
Complex Floor Plan