Tokyo

1
Tokyos Experience toward Cleaner Air

• Yuko Nishida
• Bureau of Environment
• Tokyo Metropolitan Government

2
Air Quality in Tokyo (1)

3
Air Quality in Tokyo (2)

Annual Change (Road side)
(ppb / 100ppb / µg/m3)
SPM(g/m3)
NO2(ppb)
SO2(ppb)
CO(100ppb)
4
Air Quality in 70s

1974 Summer
5
Historical Success Todays Issue

• Successful reduction in 7-80s
• SO2 CO
• Main issue today
• NO2 SPM O3

Stationary Sources Factories Power plants etc.
Vehicle Emissions
6
Historical Efforts for Clean Air

• Control Industrial Emissions
• 1949 TMG Ordinance to prevent Industrial
  pollution
• 1955 TMG Ordinance to regulate smoke and soot
• 1962 National law to regulate smoke and soot
• 1968 Clean Air Act (national law)

7
Major Causes of Air Pollution Today

• Vehicle Emissions
• 67 of NOx 82 of SPM

Planes, Vessels 2
Planes, Vessels 5
Factories 14
Factories 13
Home, Office 4
Home, Office 14
Road dust 46
Cargo vehicles 49
Vehicle emissions 36
Passenger cars 18
NOx by Source
SPM by Source
8
Diesel Vehicle Issue

• High Impact by Diesel Vehicles
• 70 of NOx (among vehicle emissions)
• Almost 100 of vehicle caused SPM
• Only 23 of total travel mileage
• Heavy reliance on Diesel Vehicles
• 650 thousand vehicle in Tokyo
• its increasing

9
Say No! to Dirty Diesel Campaign

• --- Campaign starts August 1999
• Policy making by raising proposals
• open to the public
• Five Proposals
• Do not buy, ride and sell diesel passenger car
• Substitute low emission vehicle
• Install emission reduction devices
• Correct supportive taxation to diesel vehicles
• Tighten emission regulation and call for
  technical innovation for it
• Open Discussion on Website
• 830 opinions in 70days,More than 13,000 access

10
The Key to success- Diesel NO!

• Decisive leadership of Governor
• Confrontational policy with national government
• Present loose regulation
• Broad public support (including NGO, technical
  professions in company, academics )
• Health issue, Pollution litigation
• World trend to tighter vehicle emission
  regulation
• Thorough disclosure of information
• Favorable press response

11
Finalized Programs Starts October 2003 New
Ordinance on Environmental Preservation

Diesel vehicles fail to meet new TMG standard to
be banned from operating in Metropolitan
area --Replace with low-emission vehicle --Buy
latest vehicle which meet the standard --Install
PM reduction devices Introduction of Low Emission
Vehicles --Business owners with more than 200
vehicles are required to introduce LEV at
least 5 of total
12
Finalized Programs (Major program)

Environmental management plan Business owners are
required to submit management plan for more
environmental friendly vehicle operation Environme
ntal information Disclosure Car dealers are
required to explain the environmental information
on new vehicles to the buyers Stop
idling Drivers are required to stop idling when
they stop or park . Parking lot owners are
required to post the nots etc.
13
Supporting Policy Programs

Designation of PM reduction devices Diesel
Particulate Filter 9 types, 6 manufacturers Oxida
tion catalyst 20 types, 6 manufactures Supply
of low sulfur diesel fuel Many PM reduction
devices need to use low sulfur diesel fuel. TMG
subsidizes the price differences Petroleum
Association of Japan promised the supply from
April 2003 . Establish Automobile G-men
14
Supporting Policy Programs

Subsidy to vehicle owners For installing
PM reduction devices ½, up to 2-400 K yen
(heavy duty) 1-300 K yen (light
duty) For CNG bus, truck replacement ½, up to
400 K yen (heavy duty) 300 K yen
(light duty) up to 5 million yen (city
bus) Financial intermediary service
For introducing LEV to small business,
private
Recession
Small business
15
The Next Step toward cleaner Air

• Steady Implementation of Regulations
• Regulate more than 200,000 Vehicles
• Now we starts to address
• global and urban warming issue