School

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School

• Teacher

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The Starter Motor
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The Electrical Path
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What is the purpose of the starter?
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The Starter and Solenoid
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Construction
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Location

• The starter motor is usually always mounted to
  the side of the engine itself so that it has good
  ground and electricity does not have to flow a
  great distance.

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Visible Parts
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Function

• When the ignition key is turned on, the magnetic
  switch contacts close which causes the armature
  to start rotating. At the same time, the plunger
  is pulled in, causing the drive lever to push the
  pinion gear in contact with the ring gear which
  cranks the engine.

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Engine Starter Motor

• 1.  Engagement Fork
• 2.  Starter Solenoid
• 3.  Motor Brushes
• 4.  Armature
• 5.  Drive Pinion

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ENGINE STARTING SYSTEM

• When the coil-type starter solenoid (2) is
  energized, magnetic force pulls the solenoid
  plunger in.
• The plunger is connected to a spring loaded
  engagement fork (1). This engagement fork pushes
  the drive pinion (5) out to engage the engine
  flywheel

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ENGINE STARTING SYSTEM

• As the drive pinion  (5) is pushed out, the
  armature (4) contacts the starter motor brushes
   (3), energizing  the starter's field winding.
  The starter motor will operate until the solenoid
  (2) is de-energized. Once de-energized, the
  engagement fork (1) will retract and the drive
  pinion will disengage from the engine flywheel

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How do you get a starter to turn?
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Starter motor Schematic
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• There are three types

Pinion shift type starter
Reduction type starter
Planetary type starter
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Starter Motor Schematic
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Starter Motor Troubleshooting Tips

• Check the battery cables and terminals for
  corrosion.

• Clean the corrosion and replace the battery or
  cables if  needed.

• Check the wires to the starter and the solenoid
  for cracks, corrosion, or breakage.

• Make sure your battery is charged enough to
  perform  starting functions. Note your
  instrument lights and dome  lights may come on
  but your battery may still not have enough power
  to start the car.

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Starter Motor Installation Procedures

• Gather the necessary tools needed such as
  wrenches, sockets, screwdriver and pliers.
• Place the vehicle on ramps or jack up the front
  and support with jack stands. It is very
  important to block the rear wheels to keep the
  car stationary during this procedure. Never work
  under a vehicle not supported properly.
• Make sure ignition is OFF and the remove the
  negative (ground) battery cable from the battery.
• Note the location of all wires before removal to
  make for easier connection.
• Remove the large starter cable going to the
  battery at the starter location.
• Remove any other wires attached to the solenoid.
• (Continued on next page)

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Procedures (Continued)
7. Remove the starter attaching bolts (usually
there are two or three). 8. Remove any supporting
brackets that holds the starter. 9. Drop the
starter down away from the car. On some cars you
may have to turn the wheels to one side, remove
the idler arm, remove or loosen transmission oil
cooler lines, exhaust pipes, or ground straps to
give you enough clearance to get the starter
motor away from the car. 10. Install the new
starter in the reverse order of
removal. 11. Reconnect battery cables and other
wires to solenoid. 12. Place old starter in the
new starter box for proper core return.