PAM CPD SEMINAR : 1stAug09

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PAM CPD SEMINAR 1stAug09 5thSept09

• UBBL SIXTH SCHEDULE AND FIRE ESCAPE CALCULATIONS

AR CHEE SOO TENG APAM MIFE MIArb PJBomba
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INTRODUCTION - 1

• Sixth Schedule By-Laws 142-146 seek to
  establish a safe separation between buildings
  from fire risk standpoint
• Fire escape calculations most fundamental of
  passive provisions in Fire Safety design

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• Objective is to establish a safe distance
  between buildings so that radiant heat in the
  event of a fire does not represent a source of
  ignition to neighbouring buildings.
• External walls serve to restrict the outward
  spread of fire to an adjacent building.
• External walls also offer protection by resisting
  fire or radiant heat source from outside.

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• External openings can be radiant heat source

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• External openings can be radiant heat source

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• By-law 142 (2) Subject to the provisions
  relating to small garages and open car parks, any
  side of a building shall comply with any relevant
  requirements relating to the permitted limits of
  unprotected areas specified in the Sixth Schedule
  to these By-laws unless it is so situated that
  such side might consist entirely of any
  unprotected area.

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• By-law 142 (3) Any external wall which
  constitutes, or is situated within a distance of
  1 metre from any point on the relevant boundary
  or is a wall of a building which exceeds 15
  metres in height shall
• (a) be constructed wholly of non-combustible
  materials apart from any external cladding which
  complies with By-law 144 or any internal lining
  which complies with these By-laws and
• (b) be so constructed as to attain any FRP
  required by this Part without assistance from any
  combustible material permitted by this Part -

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• By-law 142 (2) Subject to the provisions
  relating to small garages and open car parks, any
  side of a building shall comply with any relevant
  requirements relating to the permitted limits of
  unprotected areas specified in the Sixth Schedule
  to these By-laws unless it is so situated that
  such side might consist entirely of any
  unprotected area.

By-Law 144(2)
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• By-Law 142(3)(b) contd
• Provided that the requirements of this Part shall
  not apply to -
• an external wall of a building which is within
  the limits of size indicated by the letter x in
  Part 1 of the ninth schedule to these By-laws or
  an external wall of a building which is not
  divided into compartments and is within the
  limits of size indicated by the letter z in
  Part 2 of the Ninth schedule if, in either case,
  that building does not exceed 18 metres in
  height and
• An external wall of a building or part of Purpose
  Group III which consists of flats or maisonettes
  if that building has not more than three storeys
  or that part is separated as described in By-law
  135 and does not exceed 18 metres in height.

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• Shall not apply to an external wall which is
  within the limits of size indicated by the
  letter x in Part 1 of the Ninth schedule to
  these By-laws
• Ninth Schedule Limits of Compartments and
  Minimum Periods of Fire Resistance for Elements
  of Structure
• Part I Applies to Bldgs other than Single
  Storey Bldgs
• x The Items as marked are applicable only to
  buildings, not to compartments, except in
  relation to Purpose Group III, see also para 3(a)
  By-law 142 and para (1) of By-law 147

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• Purpose Grp I Small residential not more than 3
  storeys or having 4 storeys but less than 250 sq
  m
• Purpose Grp III Other residential not more than
  2 storeys and not exceeding 500 sq m
• Purpose Grp IV Office not exceeding 7.5 metres
  ht and not exceeding 250 sq m
• Purpose Grp V Shop not exceeding 7.5 metres
  height and not exceeding 1150 sq m
• Purpose Grp VI Factory not exceeding 7.5 metres
  ht and not exceeding 250 sq m

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• Purpose Grp VII Assembly not exceeding 7.5
  metres ht and not exceeding 250 sq m
• Purpose Grp VIII Storage and General not
  exceeding 7.5 metres height and not exceeding 150
  sq m

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• Shall not apply to an external wall of a
  building which is not divided into compartments
  and is within the limits of size indicated by the
  letter z in Part 2 of the Ninth schedule if, in
  either case, that building does not exceed 18
  metres in height
• Part 2 of Ninth schedule deals with Single Storey
  Buildings Only
• Purpose Grp I Small Residential no limits
• Purpose Grp II Institutional max flr area 3000
  sq m
• Purpose Grp III Other Residential max flr
  area 3000 sq m
• Purpose Grp IV Office max flr area 3000 sq m

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• Purpose Grp V Shop max flr area 2000 sq m
• Purpose Grp VI Factory max flr area 2000 sq m
• Purpose Grp VII - Assembly max flr area 3000 sq
  m
• Purpose Grp VIII Storage and general max flr
  area 500 sq m

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• Shall not apply to an external wall of a
  building or part of Purpose Group III which
  consists of flats or maisonettes if that building
  has not more than three storeys or that part is
  separated as described in By-law 135 and does not
  exceed 18 metres in height.
• Apartments or individual units are compartmented,
  and therefore risks are contained when they are
  below 18m in height (less than 5 storey ht)

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• By-law 145 Reference to Sixth schedule
• For the purpose of By-law 142 to 146
• (a) any part of a roof shall be deemed to be
  part of an external wall or side of a building if
  it is pitched to an angle of 70deg or more to the
  horizontal and adjoins a space within the
  building to which persons have access not limited
  to the purposes of maintenance or repair and
• (b) any reference to the Sixth Schedule to these
  By-laws shall be construed as referring to
  provisions of Part I of the schedule together
  with, at the option of the persons intending to
  erect the building, either the provisions of Part
  II, Part III or Part IV of the Schedule.

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• 145(a) any part of a roof shall be deemed to be
  part of an external wall or side of a building if
  it is pitched to an angle of 70deg or more to the
  horizontal and adjoins a space within the
  building to which persons have access not limited
  to the purposes of maintenance or repair

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• 145(a) any part of a roof shall be deemed to be
  part of an external wall or side of a building if
  it is pitched to an angle of 70deg or more to the
  horizontal and adjoins a space within the
  building to which persons have access not limited
  to the purposes of maintenance or repair

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• By-law 146 Relevant boundary If any building
  is to be erected on land occupied with any other
  building, or two or more detached buildings are
  to be erected on land in common occupation and
  either of those buildings is within Purpose Group
  I or III, other than a detached building which
  only consists only of a garage or of an open car
  park, in the application of the provisions of
  this Part to any external wall of any building to
  be erected which faces an external wall of such
  other building -

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• By-law 146 contd
• (a) The relevant boundary shall be the notional
  boundary passing between those buildings and such
  boundary must be capable of being situated in
  such a position as to enable the external walls
  of those buildings to comply with the
  requirements of this Part and

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• By-law 146 contd
• (b) if such other building is an existing
  building it shall be deemed to be (a building to
  be) erected on the site which it occupies, being
  of the same purpose and having the same
  unprotected areas and fire resistance as the
  existing building

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• Part I General Rules
• Part II Rules of Calculation by Reference to an
  Enclosing Rectangle
• Part III Rules for Calculation by Reference to
  aggregate notional Area
• Part IV Rules for Calculation in Respect of
  Certain buildings of Purpose Group I or III

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• Part I General Rules - Salient Points
• If ext wall has combustible material attached and
  deemed unprotected, the area of that unprotected
  area shall be half of the area of the cladding
• Not taken into consideration if
• (i) unprotected area is less than 0.1 sm and
  more than 1.5m away from other unprotected areas
  on same side
• (ii) one or more unprotected areas have an
  aggregate area of less than 1 sm and more than 4m
  away from other unprotected areas on same side
• (iii) area is external wall to a protected shaft
• (iv) area is side of a non compartmented bldg
  and area is more than 28m above any ground
  adjoining that side of bldg

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• Part II Rules of Calculation by ref to
  Enclosing Rectangle
• (1) Condition of this Part shall be satisfied if
  a bldg or compartment is so situated that no
  point on the relevant boundary is either between
  the relevant plane of reference and the side of
  the building or compartment or at a distance from
  the relevant plane of reference which is less
  than the distance specified in the Tables to this
  part, according to the Purpose Group of the
  building or compartment, the dimensions of the
  enclosing rectangle and the unprotected
  percentage.

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• Part II Rules of Calculation by ref to
  Enclosing Rectangle
• (1) Condition of this Part shall be satisfied if
  a bldg or compartment is so situated that no
  point on the relevant boundary is either between
  the relevant plane of reference and the side of
  the building or compartment or at a distance from
  the relevant plane of reference which is less
  than the distance specified in the Tables to this
  part, according to the Purpose Group of the
  building or compartment, the dimensions of the
  enclosing rectangle and the unprotected
  percentage.

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• Part II Rules of Calculation by ref to
  Enclosing Rectangle
• (2) For the purpose of this Part
• plane of reference means any vertical plane
  which touches the side or some part of the side
  of the building or compartment, but which
  (however far extended) does not pass within the
  structure of such building or compartment (and
  for this purpose, any balcony, coping or similar
  projection shall be deemed not to be part either
  of the side or of the structure) and the
  relevant plane of reference shall in each case be
  taken as the most favourable in that respect to
  the person erecting the building

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• Part II Rules of Calculation by ref to
  Enclosing Rectangle
• (2) For the purpose of this Part
• enclosing rectangle means the smallest
  rectangle on the relevant plane of reference
  which would
• (a) Enclose all the outer edges of any
  unprotected areas of the building or, if the
  building is subdivided into compartments, of the
  compartment (other than any part of the
  unprotected area which is at an angle more than
  80deg to the plane of reference), the outer edges
  for this purpose projected on the plane of
  reference by lines perpendicular to such plane
  and

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• Part II Rules of Calculation by ref to
  Enclosing Rectangle (contd)
• (b) Have two horizontal sides and
• (c) Have height and width falling within those
  listed in the Tables to this Part
• unprotected percentage means the percentage of
  the area of the enclosing rectangle which is
  equal to the aggregate area of the unprotected
  areas taken into account in calculating the
  enclosing rectangle and as projected on it.

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Vol 56,001-84,000m3
BCgt1/2 Perimeter

• 6th Schedule Unprotected Openings Calculation

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

• Objective is to check if the front façade design
  complies with Sixth Schedule
• Part II (Rules of Calculation by reference to an
  Enclosing Rectangle) and
• Part III (Rules for Calculation by reference to
  Aggregate Notional area)

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SIXTH SCHEDULE

Assumptions made Building not compartmented,
therefore the whole façade considered for single
Enclosing Rectangle Purpose Group IV
(Office) Building façade is 7.5 m to centre of
road which forms The Relevant Boundary is at a
distance of 7.5m from the Building Façade or
Plane of Reference
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Assumptions made Annexe block to be
disregarded because Openings have aggregate area
of less than 1 sm in accordance with Part 1 Rule
2 (b)(ii) no account shall be taken of one or
more unprotected areas having an area, or if more
than one, an aggregate area not exceeding one sm
and not less than 4m from any other unprotected
area in the same ide of the building.
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• Methodology of Calculation
• (1) Establish Enclosing Rectangle Size on Plane
  of Reference
• 9m width x 21.4 m height 192.6 sm
• (2) Calculate Area and Percentage of Unprotected
  Openings
• 10 nos 3m x 2m windows on upper flrs 60sm
• 1 no 9m x 3m window on Grd Level 27sm
• Total Area of Unprotected Openings 87sm
• Percentage of Unprotected Opening in Enclosing
  Rectangle is 87/192.6 45.17

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• (3) For Compliance with Part II (Alt 1)
• Look for relevant Table I- Buildings or
  Compartments of Purpose Groups I (Small
  Residential), II (Institutional), III (Other
  Residential), IV (Office) and VII (Assembly) in
  Tables to Part II of Sixth Schedule
• Enclosing Rectangle is 9m W x 21.4 m H
• Go to Table with enclosing rectangle 24m
  high (next higher from 21m ) and Row for 9m W
  Enclosing Rectangle to check compliance

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• (5) For Compliance with Part III

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• Reading from the 9m Row,
• For 50 Unprotected Opening, the distance to
  Relevant boundary should not be less than 5.5m
• Distance to Relevant Boundary 7.5m
• Therefore Façade complies with Sixth Schedule
  Part II

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• (4) Using the same 9m W x 24m H Enclosing
  Rectangle, if one uses the 7.5m distance to
  Relevant Boundary as the basis, reading upwards,
  one finds that the maximum percentage of
  unprotected opening is 70, the façade design has
  45.17, therefore, the façade design satisfies
  Part II of the Sixth Schedule

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• (5) For Compliance with Part III
• Total Area of Unprotected Opening is 87sm
• Aggregate Notional Area is area of Unprotected
  Opening multiplied by factor specified in table
  to this Part according to distance of such area
  from the vertical datum which in this case is
  7.5m.

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• (5) For Compliance with Part III

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• (5) For Compliance with Part III
• Table of factors for distance to vertical datum
  between 6.0 -8.5m is 2
• 87sm x factor of 2 174 sm
• Part III Rule 1 says this part satisfied if
  aggregate notional area in side of building does
  not exceed (a) 210 sm for Group IV
• Therefore, façade design satisfies Part III Rule
  1(a) of Sixth Schedule

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Further Reading

• Guide To Fire Protection in Malaysia
• Uniform Building By-Laws 1984

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