Stenciled on the right side of the tank car

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Tank Car Specification Number

• Stenciled on the right side of the tank car
• (when facing the side of the tank)

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Tank Car Number
The rail tank car number is to the left (when
facing the side of the tank)
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Specification No
Tank Car Number
This makes both numbers visible from either side
or end of the tank car
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Tank Car Specification Number

• EXAMPLE DOT 111 A 60 W 1
• Studying knowing how to read a specification
  number can reveal a lot of information
• For example, special protective systems are
• S Shielded
• T Thermally protected w/o jacket
• J Thermally protected with jacket

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Tank Car Specification Number

• EXAMPLE DOT 111 A 60 W 1
• DOT Authorizing agency
• 111 Class designation
• A Special protective systems
• 60 Tank test pressure
• AL Material of construction, other than
  steel (AL aluminum)
• W Method of construction (weld)
• 1 Fittings valve types

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Class Designations

• Only certain commodities may be transported in
  particular classes of rail tank cars

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Tank Test Pressure
Only certain commodities can be loaded into tanks
rated at certain pressures
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Intermodal Containers

• Most of the intermodal tanks are built of
  stainless steel, because of its resistance to
  cold temperatures
• Most are built to pressure-vessel standards

Two types
Non-pressure Pressure
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Non-pressure Intermodal Containers

• Non-pressure intermodal tank containers
  (intermodal portable tanks or IM tanks) are
  usually used to transport liquid or solid
  materials at pressures up to 100 p.s.i.

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Pressure Intermodal Containers

• designed for internal pressures of 100 to 500
  p.s.i.g.
• generally used to transport gases liquefied under
  pressure (e.g., LPG, anhydrous ammonia)

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Identification of Facility Tanks

• Above-ground storage tanks may be divided into
  four general categories of pressure design
• atmospheric (non-pressure)
• low-pressure storage
• pressure
• cryogenic liquid

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1) Atmospheric (non-pressure) Tanks

• Ordinary cone roof tanks
• Floating roof tanks
• Lifter roof tanks
• Vapordome roof tank

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Ordinary Cone Roof Tanks
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Floating Roof Tanks
Eyebrow vent
The roof deck rests upon the liquid and moves
with the changes in liquid level. Eyebrow
Vents are a distinguishing feature of this type
of tank.
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Lifter Roof Tanks
In this type of tank the roof is sealed and moves
up or down with changes in vapor volume
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Vapordome Roof Tank
In this tank a flexible diaphragm in the
hemispherical roof moves up or down with the
changes in vapor volume
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2) Low Pressure Tanks

• Low-pressure storage tanks are normally used for
  vapor conservation purposes requiring storage of
  materials at pressures of 0.5 to 15 p.s.i.g.
• Low pressure tanks include spheroids and noded
  spheroids

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3) Pressure Tanks

• Pressure tanks are normally used for vapor
  conservation purposes requiring storage of
  materials at pressures above 15 p.s.i.g.
• Pressure tanks include spheres and pressure
  vessels

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4) Cryogenic Liquid Tanks

• used for onsite storage and supply
• have a distinctive appearance
• construction and service similar to cryogenic
  rail tank cars

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Container Markings

• Tanks on facilities will typically be marked
  using the NFPA 704 system to display the hazards
  for the product that is stored

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Container Markings

• Transportation containers will be placarded with
  the appropriate placard based on the hazard class
  of the materials being transported

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Container Markings
Highway transportation vehicles will have
identification numbers that will also be included
on the shipping papers
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Container Markings

• Rail transportation vehicles will have
  identification numbers that will also be included
  on the shipping papers

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Container Markings
Intermodal tanks are likely to be transported on
any mode of transpor-tation, such as rail, water
or highway As a result they frequently combine
the markings required for each of the individual
modes of transportation
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Container Markings

• May contain
• tank initials and number
• specification marking
• DOT exemption marking
• AAR 600 marking
• country and size/type markings
• dataplate
• tank and valve test dates

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Pipeline Markings

• Warning markings
• - standard
• - product
• - call before you dig

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Container Failure Sequence
Container Stress

• There are three types of stress that could cause
  a container system to release its contents
• Thermal stress
• Mechanical stress
• Chemical stress

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Container Failure Sequence
Container Breaching
There are five ways a container can breach and
release its contents

• - disintegration
• - runaway cracking
• - failure of container attachments
• - container punctures
• - container splits or tears

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Container Failure Sequence
Contents Released
The four types of releases include

• - detonation
• - violent rupture
• - rapid relief
• - spills or leaks

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Container Failure Sequence
Dispersion Patterns
Typical dispersion patterns include

• - pressure waves
• - fragments, shrapnel or chunks
• - flowing liquids
• - vapor dispersion

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ApplicationStep