Information Technology

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Chapter 1

• Information Technology

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Agenda

• Information system (IS)
• Information technology (IT)
• Business today
• IT trends

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IS

• IS collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and
  disseminates information for a specific purpose
• IS contains
• Input
• Process
• Output
• Feedback
• Environment
• Formal or informal IS

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IS Components

• Hardware
• Software
• Database
• Network
• Procedures
• People

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IS

• Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)
• IS uses compute technology to perform some or all
  of its intended tasks

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Agenda

• Information system (IS)
• Information technology (IT)
• Business today
• IT trends

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IT

• Technological side or subsystem of an IS
• IT contains
• Hardware
• Database
• Software
• Network
• Other devices

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Agenda

• Information system (IS)
• Information technology (IT)
• Business today
• IT trends

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Business Today

• Pressures
• Business
• Technological
• Societal
• Responses
• Strategic systems
• Continuous improvement efforts
• Business process reengineering (BPR)
• Business alliances
• Electronic commerce

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Business Pressure

• Market
• Global economy
• Strong competition
• Changing workforce
• Powerful customer

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Technological Pressure

• Innovation
• Obsolescence
• Information overload

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Societal Pressure

• Social responsibility
• Regulation deregulation
• Shrinking budget subsidies
• Ethical issue
• Privacy

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Strategic System Response

• Strategic information systems
• Innovation
• Competitive advantage

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Continuous Improvement Efforts

• Productivity
• Cost
• Output
• Just-in-time
• Total quality management (TQM)
• Data information monitoring

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Continuous Improvement Efforts

• Timely accurate decision making
• Managing information and knowledge effectively
• Innovation and creativity
• Change management
• Customer service

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BPR

• Cycle time and time to market
• Decentralization collaborative work
• Customer-focused approach
• Restructuring and team-based structure
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply
  chain management

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Business Alliances

• Joint ventures
• Virtual corporation

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Electronic Commerce

• Types
• Intranet
• Extranet
• Internet
• Purpose
• Increase productivity
• Decrease cost

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Agenda

• Information system (IS)
• Information technology (IT)
• Business today
• IT trends

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IT Trends

• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Telecommunications
• Ubiquitous computing
• End-users

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Hardware Trends

• Mainframe to microcomputer to network computer
• Size
• Speed
• Memory
• Costs
• Client/server architecture
• Centralized to decentralized resource control
• Departmental purchases

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Software Trends

• Large to small system development
• Rapid development (6-month window)
• Reusable code (packages)
• Outsourcing
• 3GL to 4GL to 5GL to ???
• Intelligent agent

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Data Trends

• Mainframe to PC
• Keystroke/optical scanning/voice
• Multimedia
• voice/animation/video
• digitizing
• Data warehousing
• Data mining

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Telecommunication Trends

• Network enterprise
• Internet
• Intranet
• Extranet
• E-commerce

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Ubiquitous Computing

• Integrated home computing
• TV turns down sound when you answer phone
• VCR pauses when microwave popcorn ready
• Car is tuned remotely
• Smart card

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Ubiquitous Computing

• Technology
• Palm pilot
• Bar code scanner
• Wireless phone
• Internet search engine

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End-user Trends

• More knowledgeable users
• More demanding of IT
• More opportunities for
• Misuse of IT resources
• Mischief
• Computer crime
• IT people as communicators

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Eight Critical Technology Trends

• Harry Dent, The Roaring 2000s, (Simon Schuster,
  1998)
• 1. Vast computer power
• 2. Portable and home PCs
• 3. Computer in simple and inexpensive
• appliances
• 4. Microprocessor-embedded home
• appliances linked to Internet

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Eight Critical Technology Trends

• 5. Online consumers
• 6. Expansion of communication bandwidths
• 7. Object-oriented programming
• 8. Computer literacy

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Points to Remember

• Information system (IS)
• Information technology (IT)
• Business today
• IT trends

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Issues

• The usage in business
• The downside of such usage
• Your opinions

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Discussion Questions

• What are the components of an information system
  in your organization?
• What are the pressure to use IS or IT in your
  organization?
• How does your organization utilize IS or IT to
  ease the pressure?
• What are the downside of the utilization of IS or
  IT in your organization?

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Assignment

• Review technology guides 1-2, chapter 1
• Read chapter 2
• Group Assignment
• Research paper