Musical Instruments 1

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Musical Instruments 1
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Musical Instruments
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Clarinet
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• Clarinets belong to woodwind family
• Clarinets can be of differing sizes and pitches.
  
• Clarinet family is the largest such instrument
  family, with more than a dozen types.
• J.C. Denner of Germany developed clarinet from
  an instrument called chalumeau (SHAH loo moe)
  1690.
• Rameau, Haydn, Mozart were the first composers
  to use it in their music.
• There is a famous clarinet solo in George
  Gershwins Rhapsody in Blue.
• The clarinet is played by blowing across a single
  reed on the mouthpiece

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Timpani
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• Timpani (kettle drums) are musical instruments
  in the percussion family.
• A type of drum, they consist of a skin called a
  head stretched over a large bowl traditionally
  made of copper, and more recently, constructed of
  more lightweight fiberglass.
• They are played by striking the head with a
  specialized drum stick or timpani mallet.
• Unlike most drums, they are capable of producing
  an actual pitch when struck, and can be tuned,
  often with the use of a pedal mechanism to
  control each drum's range of notes.

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Bayan (accordion)
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• The bayan (Russian ????) is a type of chromatic
  button accordion
• Bayan was developed in Russia in the early 20th
  century
• Bayan is named after the bard, Boyan.
• Bayan differs from western chromatic button
  accordions in some details of construction.
• The differences in internal construction give the
  bayan a different tone color from western
  instruments, especially the bass has a much
  fuller sound.
• Because of their range and purity of tone,
  bayans are often the instrument of choice for
  accordion virtuosi who perform classical and
  contemporary classical music.

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Tambourine
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• The tambourine or Marine is a musical instrument
  of the percussion family
• Tambourine consists of a frame, often of wood or
  plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles,
  called "zils".
• Tambourines come in many different shapes with
  the most common being circular
• Tambourine is found in many forms of music,
  classical music, Roma music, Persian music,
  gospel music, pop music and rock music.
• The word tambourine finds its origins in the
  Middle Persian word tambur "lute, drum" (via the
  Middle French tambour).
• The tambourine can be held in the hand or
  mounted on a stand, and can be played in numerous
  ways, from stroking or shaking the jingles to
  striking it sharply with hand or stick or using
  the tambourine to strike the leg or hip.

Egyptian riq
The Brazilian pandeiro
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Cello
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• The violoncello (abbreviated to cello) is a bowed
  string instrument.
• The cello is played by a bow.
• The Cello has 4 strings C, D, G, and A
• The cello is used as a solo instrument, in
  chamber music, and as a member of the string
  section of an orchestra.
• The cello is the 2nd physically largest member
  of the violin family, next to the double bass.
• The cello has been described as the closest
  sounding instrument to the human voice.
• The cello was first made in Italy in 16th
  century.
• The cello was not popular at first because its
  great sound overpowered the sounds of violins of
  that period.
• Modern orchestra has 12 cellos
• Pablo Casals of Spain, a famous 20th century
  cellist, greatly influenced the playing style of
  other cellists.
• The cello is most closely associated with
  European classical music.

Mstislav Rostropovich, playing the Duport
Stradivarius at the White House in 1978. He is
widely considered to have been one of the
greatest cellists of the 20th century, he is
considered by some of his peers to be the
greatest cellist of all time.
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Drum
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• The drum a percussion instrument
• Drum is usually played by striking the drumhead
  (drum skin) with a cloth covered beater,
  drumstick. Foot pedal can be used, or hands of
  the drum player.
• Drums are the world's oldest and most ubiquitous
  musical instruments, and the basic design has
  remained virtually unchanged for thousands of
  years
• Drums sometimes are called indefinite pitch
• Drumhead can be made of animal skin or vinyl
• Richard Strausss, Also Sprach Zarathustra has a
  famous introduction by drums
• Most drums are considered "untuned instruments",
  however many modern musicians are beginning to
  tune drums to songs Terry Bozzio has constructed
  a kit using diatonic and chromatically tuned
  drums.
• Often, several drums are arranged together to
  create a drum kit that can be played by one
  musician with all four limbs
• Every modern orchestra has at least one drum

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Trombone
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• The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass
  family.
• Like all brass instruments, it is a lip-reed
  aerophone sound is produced when the players
  vibrating lips (embouchure) cause the air column
  inside the instrument to vibrate.
• The trombone is usually has a telescopic slide
  with which the player varies the length of the
  tube to change pitches, although the valve
  trombone uses three valves similar to those on a
  trumpet.
• The word trombone derives from Italian tromba
  (trumpet) and -one (a suffix meaning "large"), so
  the name literally means "large trumpet".
• In 17th century, Giovanni Gabrielli and Claudio
  Monteverdi were the first to use trombones in
  their music al compositions.

• Trombones are used in jazz bands, dance bands,
  and marching bands, as well as in classical music.

• Most trombones today are the tenor and bass,
  though as with other Renaissance instruments such
  as the recorder, the trombone has been built in
  every size from piccolo to contrabass.

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Violin
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• The violin is a bowed string instrument
• The violin has 4 strings G, D, A, E
• The violin is played by drawing the horsehair of
  the bow across the violins strings, which causes
  them to vibrate and make sound
• It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of
  the violin family
• The violin is sometimes informally called a
  fiddle,
• The word "violin" comes from the Middle Latin
  word vitula, meaning "stringed instrument
• A person who makes or repairs violins is called a
  luthier, or simply a violin maker.

• The first violins were used to play dance music.
• The violin, while it has ancient origins,
  acquired most of its modern characteristics in
  16th-century Italy, with some further
  modifications occurring in the 18th century.
• Prized violins are made by the Stradivari,
  Guarneri and Amati families from the 16th to the
  18th century in Cremona.
• In 17th century, Claudio Monteverdi was the first
  to use violins in an operatic orchestra
• The parts of a violin are usually made from
  different types of wood (except electric
  violins), and it is generally strung with gut or
  steel strings.
• The violinist changes the pitch of the sound by
  placing fingers on the strings in different
  places on the fingerboard.
• A full symphony orchestra has 35 violins, more
  then any other instrument.

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Trumpet
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• The trumpet is a musical instrument with the
  highest register in the brass family.
• Trumpets are among the oldest musical
  instruments, dating back to at least 1500 BC.
• Trumpets are constructed of brass tubing bent
  twice into an oblong shape
• Trumpets are played by blowing air through closed
  lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a
  standing wave vibration in the air column inside
  the trumpet.
• Louis Armstrong was well known for his virtuosity
  with the trumpet

• There are several types of trumpet the most
  common is a transposing instrument pitched in B?.
• Modern trumpets have either three piston valves
  or three rotary valves, each of which increases
  the length of tubing when engaged, thereby
  lowering the pitch.
• The predecessors to trumpets did not have valves
  
• The trumpet is used in many forms of music,
  including classical music and jazz.
• The chromatic trumpet was first made in the late
  1700s.
• Joseph Haydn's Trumpet Concerto was one of the
  first for a chromatic trumpet

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Piano
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• The piano is keyboard instrument.
• Pianos are sometimes classified as both a
  percussion and a stringed instrument.
• The piano is played by striking keys with
  fingers
• Piano has a range of 88 notes
• Bartolomeo Cristofori developed it in 1709, Italy
• Widely used in Western music for solo
  performance, ensemble use, chamber music, and
  accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as
  an aid to composing and rehearsal.
• Pressing a key on the piano's keyboard causes a
  felt covered hammer to strike steel strings. The
  hammers rebound, allowing the strings to continue
  vibrating at their resonant frequency.
• These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge
  to a sounding board that couples the acoustic
  energy to the air so that it can be heard as
  sound.
• The word piano is a shortened form of the word
  pianoforte (from Italian, clavicembalo, col piano
  e forte (literally harpsichord with soft and
  loud).
• It was called pianoforte because it was the
  keyboard instrument that could be played both
  very softly and very loudly.
• Johann Christian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  were two of the first composers to write music
  for the piano
• First pianos frequently broke during performance,
  but starting 19th century they were built sturdier