Chapter Fifteen

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Chapter Fifteen
Sectional Forms
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Elements of Form

• Repetition
• Contrast
• Variation

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Variation
Variation combines repetition with contrast. The
variation may be mostly contrast with two or more
new melodies. Or, the variation may take the same
theme and alter it either melodically,
rhythmically, or harmonically. Alterring melodies
is referred to as development. Development is
also the term used to refer to sections where
variations take place. Development offers a true
blend of repetition and contrast.
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Types of Sections

• Thematic Sections
• Introductory Sections
• Connecting Sections
• Concluding Sections

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Thematic and Introductory
Theme-- A section which presents the primary
melodic materials of a composition. A piece of
music may have more than one theme. Thematic
material is labeled with capital letters-- A B
C Introduction-- The beginning section to
prepare the listener for the thematic material.
It may be a very short or an extended section
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Connecting Sections
Connecting sections provide a sense of movement
to or rest from the themes. Transition Connectin
g Section to prepare listener for the theme that
follows often by building a sense of anticipation
which is resolved by the theme Interlude Connecti
ng Section occurring between thematic sections
that uses contrasting material to provide rest
from previous theme.
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Concluding Sections
Coda Concluding Section that brings a work to a
close Codetta Internal concluding section that
brings a section to a close
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Sectional Forms
Binary Form Two-part (A-B) Ternary Form
Three-part (A-B-A) Compound Binary
Ternary Theme and Variation A A A
etc. Rondo A-B-A-C-A(five-part)
A-B-A-C-A-B-A(seven-part)
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Sonata Form
Sonata form is the form for a single movement
within a multimovement work. It is a sectional
work consisting of the exposition, development,
and the recapitulation.
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Exposition
The opening of a sonata form is the exposition.
It presents the thematic material which will be
used in the work. The number of themes can vary,
but two contrasting themes (with a codetta) is
common.
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Development
After stating the themes in the exposition
section, the piece moves into the section which
varies the thematic content through melodic,
rhythmic, harmonic or timbral variations.
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Recapitulation
The recapitulation is the repitition of the
exposition section (with certain modifications).
The second theme which was originally stated in a
different key from the first theme is now played
in the first key. The development and recap
sections may be repeated .
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Complete Classical Sonata
Multimovement work, typically 3 or 4 movements,
some of which are sonata form. It was used in the
late 18th century to the end of the 19th century
for most multimovement instrumental works.
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Classical Sonata

• Movement Tempo Typical Form(s)
• First Fast Sonata
• Second Slow Sonata
• T and V
• Third (opt.) Mod/Fast Comp. Ternary
• Final Fast Sonata
• T and V
• Rondo

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Performance Venues in Vienna
Chamber Music Social Music Parties and
Celebrations
Larger Concerts Gala Occasions Charity
Concerts Subscription Series
Opera
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Franz Joseph Haydn 1732-1809

• First Viennese School
• Age of Aristocratic Patronage
• Prince(s) Esterházy