u d s 0

1
????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??
?????????? ????

• ?.?.??????????
• ??? ????
• ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????
  ?????????(?10, 27) ?????, ??
• ?? ?u ?d ?s 0
• ?G0
• ?s lt 0
• ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????
• ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????
• ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????

2
??????? ????????? ??????

• ?????? q?q
• ??????? qqq
• ???????
• ??????? - qqg
• qq - ?q?q 
• K?K ????????
• 4q?q - ?

• If baryons are bound qqq states, then they must
  all belong either to decuplets, octets or
  singlets. This is consistent with observation no
  baryon states have been found with Y2 (Kp
  resonances) or with Y-1, Y3/2 (?? ?-
  resonances)
• L.Ryder, Elementary particles and symmetries,
  1986.

3
?????? ????????????

• Particle Data Group 1986 reviewing evidence for
  exotic baryons states
• The general prejudice against baryons not made
  of three quarks and the lack of any experimental
  activity in this area make it likely that it will
  be another 15 years before the issue is decided.
• PDG dropped the discussion on pentaquark searches
  after 1988.

4
Baryons as chiral solitons

• D.Diakonov, V.Petrov, M.Polyakov, Z.Phys. A359
  (1997) 305
• Abstract. We predict an exotic Z baryon (having
  spin 1/2, isospin 0 and strangeness 1) with a
  relatively low mass of about 1530 MeV and total
  width of less than 15 MeV

5
Puzzles of ? S1 ?s uu dd
6
Puzzles of ? m1530 MeV, ?lt15 ?eV

• ? ??????? ????????? ??????
• M3(s) ? 3mq 150 MeV
• M5(s) ? 5mq 150 MeV 1650 MeV
• R.L. Jaffe 76, J. De Swart 80
• Jp 1/2-
• Masses higher than 1700 MeV, width hundreds
  MeV

7
Puzzles of ? positive parity

• At NQM
• P(5q) P(4q) P( ?q) (-1)L
• L0, P(5q) -

8
Baryons as chiral solitons

• Baryons are collective excitations of the meson
  fields
• Special role of pseudoscalar mesons
• It is possible to construct a fermion from a
  boson field nontrivial topology

9
Chiral soliton model

• ?????????? ???
• ? ????????? ??????? mf0
• ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???????????
  ??????????????
• SU(3)L ? SU(3)R
• ????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????
  ????????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????
  ?????????
• JPC1-- ?, m770 ???
• 1- b1 , m1235 ???
• 0? ?, m139 ???
• 0 a0 , m980 ???
• ????????? ? ??????????? ????, ? ??????? ???

10
Chiral soliton model-2

• ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????
  ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????
  ???????????
• "????" ? ??????? ???????.
• ?? ??? ?????? - ?????????.
• ???????? ????? - ????? ?1 ???.
• 8 ??????????????? ??????? - ??????????
• ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????

11
Chiral soliton model

• ??????? ?????????? ?????, ??????
• ??????????? ???????
• ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????????

12
Chiral soliton model

• The nucleon is the soliton of the pseudoscalar
  fields
• Baryons are rotational excitations of the same
  mean field
• Mass formula for octet and decuplet members
• Gudagnini 84 Valid with 1
• The effective lagrangian is directly from the QCD
  one.
• For the review, see H. Weigel, Int. J. Mod.
  Phys. 11 (1996) 2419
• D. I. Diakonov, Lectures given at the Advanced
  Summer School Nonperturbative Quantum Field
  Physics, Peniscola, Spain, 2-6 on June 1997,
  arXivhep-ph/9802298.

13
Chiral soliton model

• ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??????
  J ????? ??????? T, JT
• I ?????? ??????? ????????
• ???????????? ?????? ????????? (2J1)2 ??????
• ??????, ? , ? - ???? ? ??? ?? ??????, ?? ???????
  ???????????

14
SU(3) Collective Quantization
Known from delta-nucleon splitting
Spin and parity are predicted !!!
M.Polyakov, COMPASS Workshop, 2004
15
DPP97
180 MeV In linear order in ms
Input to fix I2
Jp 1/2
Mass is in expected range (model calculations of
I2) P11(1440) too low, P11(2100) too high
Decay branchings fit soliton picture better
M.Polyakov, COMPASS Workshop, 2004
16
Input parameter ?-term

• ? 45 MeV - DPP-97
• No strangeness in the nucleon
• Old ?N data y0.2?0.2
• Lattice y0.36 ?0.03
• Recent ?N data y0.36-0.48
• (Meissner U.-G., Smith G., hep-ph/0011277)

17
Decays of the anti-decuplet
M.Polyakov, COMPASS Workshop, 2004
p,K,h
All decay constants for 8,10 and anti-10 can be
expressed in terms of 3 universal couplings G0,
G1 and G2
In NR limit ! DPP97
Natural width 100 MeV
GQ lt 15 MeV
Correcting a mistake in widths of usual decuplet
one gets lt 30 MeV Weigel 98, Jaffe 03
18
Experimental results

• Seen
• SPRING-8 (Japan) - ?
• DIANA (ITEP)
• CLAS (JLAB)
• SAPHIR (Mainz)
• ITEP, neutrino
• HERMES
• JINR, LHE
• SVD
• COSY, TOF
• ZEUS
• NA-49 - ?--
• H1 charmed pentaquark

• Not seen
• HERA-B
• Sphinx
• WA-89

19
SPRING-8

• ? n (12C) ? K n K?
• solid line m(K n)
• dashed line m(K-n)
• T.Nakano et al.,PRL 91,012002(2003))

20
SPRING-8- new results

• Grenoble, 2004

21
DIANA

• Xe bubble chamber
• K Xe ? K0 p Xe
• a) all events
• b) anti rescattering cuts cos ??p lt0
• ?p lt 1000, ?K lt 1000
• Best signal
• Nev 50

22
CLAS

• ? d ? K n K?p
• 5.3 ?
• S.Stepanyan et al. PRL 91 252001 (2003)

23
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24
COSY-TOF

• pp ? ? ?
• ? ? K0p

25
JINR, 2m Propane Bubble Chamber

• CC, 4.2 A GeV/c
• R.Togoo, Ts.Baatar, B.Khurlebaatar, G.Shakhuu,
  E.N. Kladnitskaya, A.A.Kuznetsov
• In Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of
  Sciences, v.170, No.4 (2003) 3.

26
SVD

• pA ? (pKs) X
• N50 ev
• ?(pN) 30-120 µb

27
ZEUS

• ? and??
• (KSp) (KS?p)
• N22148 events
• N (KS?p)9636

28

• From M.Amarians talk

29
NA 49

• p p ? ?? ?? X
• ?? ?
• M1862?2 MeV
• ? lt 18 MeV
• 1640 ??

30
WA-89
31
H1

• D?p D?p
• uudd?c
• M3099 3 5 ???
• ?lt 12 MeV
• N50.6 11.2

32
Pentaquarks or exotic baryons?

• NQM 4 q ?q in S-wave negative parity
• Chiral solitons positive parity
• Jaffe-Wilzcek
• (qq)-(qq)- ?q
• flavor diquark
• Lipkin-Karliner
• (qq)- (qqq)
• No explanation of narrow width

M.Polyakov, COMPASS Workshop, 2004
33
Prediction of the chiral soliton model for the
nucleon

• At 1/N? ??, mq 0, leading order
• ?? ?u ?d ?s 0
• At the real world - ?? ?0.2
• ?u ?d gt0, ?s lt 0,
• Inclusion gluons - ?G 0
• S.Brodsky, J.Ellis, M.Karliner, Phys.Lett. B206
  (1988) 309
• J.Ellis, M.Karliner, Phys.Lett. B213 (1988) 73

34
Prediction of the chiral soliton model for the
nucleon-2

• Large scalar strangeness
• J. Donoghue, C. Nappi, Phys. Lett. B 168 (1986)
  105

35
Prediction of the chiral soliton model for the
nucleon-3

• From masses ?(1530) and ??? (1860) one could
  found the value of sigma-term ?73 ???
• J.Ellis, M.Karliner, M.Praszalowicz,
  hep-ph/0401127
• A lot of exotic baryons.

36
Input parameter ?-term

• ? 45 MeV - DPP-97
• No strangeness in the nucleon
• Old ?N data y0.2?0.2
• Lattice y0.36 ?0.03
• Recent ?N data y0.36-0.48
• (Meissner U.-G., Smith G., hep-ph/0011277)

37

• J.Ellis, M.Karliner, M.Praszalowicz,
  hep-ph/0401127

38
Nuclotron possibilities for search of exotic
baryons

• It is possible to search for all exotic baryons
  at Nuclotron
• d p ?? ? pS
• Polarized d beam for determination of parity

39
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40
NIS at JINR Nuclotron

• To measure pp?pp? and pp?pp? at 30-100 MeV above
  the thresholds
• If R(?/ ?) gtgt R(OZI),
• Opulent ? production is not pure annihilation
  phenomenon intrinsic strangeness exists.
• If R(?/ ?) R(OZI),
• Opulent ? production is pure annihilation
  phenomenon effect of gluons.
• .

41
Search for exotic baryons at NIS

• p p ?K K p p original reaction
• p p ?? K p ?
• ? ?K n, K0p
• If ?(?) 70 nb ? 1000 events for 40 days run
• ?(?) 6-10 MeV
• d p ?? ? pS

42
NIS spectrometer at present

• beam line
• First beam was at December 2003

43

• magnet 0.8 T
• 100x68x150 cm3

44

• MWPC trackers -
• 200x100 cm2
• Electronics for MWPC -OK

45

• 52 RPC transported from HARP (CERN)
• Testing is going on

46
NIS spectrometer at future

• Hydrogen target
• 3 MDC inside the magnet

47
To Do list

• Confirm ? , find peak with 1000 events
• ? width (1-2 MeV, 20-30 MeV not matched with KN
  scattering)
• To measure the parity of ?
• Confirm ? -- (300 events)
• Find N - narrow(?) resonance, not seen in ?N
  PSA(?!)
• Search for ?5

• Search for ?5
• Search for I1 partner of ?
• Search for other 27 members
• Production mechanism
• Test alternative scenarios

48
Conclusions

• New exotic baryons open new era of hadron
  spectroscopy
• It is not merely a prediction of 37 new states.
• It is new look on the nature of baryon.
• All these states could be produced at JINR
  Nuclotron and detected at the NIS spectrometer.
• Everybody are welcome!