MD BEHERA

1
INDIAN LAND MONITORING SATELLITE SYSTEMS
www.isro.gov.in Current Science, 25 Dec 2007
MD BEHERA Assistant Professor Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Kharagpur - 721302, W.B.,
INDIA (mdbehera_at_coral.iitkgp.ernet.in) With
Inputs from PS Roy and MSR Murthy National Remote
Sensing Centre (NRSC) Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO)
18th June09 4th Vegetation Workshop, Missoula
2
INDIAN SPACE ENDEAVOUR
we must be second to none in the applications
of advanced technologies to the real problems of
man and society
IRS
LAUNCHER
HUMAN RESOURCES EXPERTISE 16500 strong
APPLICATIONS LEADERSHIP
LARGE USER BASE
INSAT
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
INDUSTRY
SPACE ASSETS
Remote sensing Telecom satellite Constellations
SPACE COMMERCE
VIKRAM A. SARABHAI
INFRASTRUCTURE End- to- end capability
STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY
3
ISROs Space Missions
4
FOUR DECADES OF INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME
TODAY, 2009
Applications driven programme Self reliance in
building launching satellites
ONE AMONG THE SIX NATIONS
November 21, 1963
SLV-3
ASLV
LAUNCH VEHICLE
50Missions
PSLV
GSLV
8
3
EDUSAT 20.09.04
INSAT-3A 10.04.03
APPLICATIONS
KALPANA-1 12.09.02
SATELLITE
INSAT-2E 03.04.99
GSAT-2 08.05.03
INSAT-3E 28.09.03
ARYABHATA 19.04.75
INSAT-3B 22.03.00
INSAT-3C 24.01.02
IRS-1C 28.12.95
IRS-P3 21.03.96
IRS-P6 17.10.03
TES 22.10.01
IRS-P4 26.05.99
IRS-1D 29.09.97
5
LAUNCH VEHICLE EVOLUTION
Flex Nozzle Gimbal Control Multiple Satellite
Mission
Beyond 2000
CLG, Onboard RTD, Strap-on Technology
1990s
Inertial system Orbital mission
1980s
Solid propulsion Open loop guidance
Heavy Cryogenics Large Boosters
1960-1970s
Cryogenic Technology, GTO Mission
Liquid Propulsion Maraging Steel Large Booster
Upper Stage
Vertical Integration Bulbous Heat Shield
Two Launch Pads
Basics in various Disciplines Structures,
Aerodynamics, Avionics, Propellants etc..
6
SATELLITE EVOLUTION
Remote Sensing Satellites
MeghaTropiques
1700 Watts
RISAT

• High resolution imaging
• Multiple payloads

Cartosat 1/2
Resourcesat - 1
3000 Watts
50 Satellites
IRS 1C / 1D
35 Watts
36 Transponders
BHASKARA
S, C, Ku Band Ka Band
INSAT 3 series
1979
INSAT 2 series
1 Transponder

• Multipurpose S/C platform
• Improved S/C Power
• Increased number of transponders

INSAT 1 series
C Band
1981
Communication Satellites
APPLE
7
(No Transcript)
8
TELE EDUCATION
EduSat
Video Audio
Video Audio
Audio

• 5 Spot Beams in Ku Band
• 1 National Beam in Ku Band
• 1 National Beam in Ext C Band (6 Channels)

Teaching-End
Class Room-2
Class Room-1
9
TELEMEDICINE
Referral Hospitals

• 70 Hospitals
• 53 Dist/ Rural Hospitals
• 17 Super Specialty Hospitals

Video Conferencing
Health Specialist Centre
Cardiology
Pathology
Video Conferencing
Panel of Doctors
10
CHANDRAYAAN-1
Final Orbit 100 km Polar
Lunar Insertion Manoeuvre
To achieve 100 x 100 km Lunar Polar Orbit. PSLV
to inject 1050 kg in GTO of 240 x 36000 km. Lunar
Orbital mass of 523 kg with 2 year life
time. Scientific payload 55 kg.
Lunar Transfer Trajectory
Initial Orbit 1000 km
ETO
GTO
Mid Course Correction
Moon at Launch
Trans Lunar Injection
Expanding the scientific knowledge about the
moon, upgrading Indias technological capability
and providing challenging opportunities for
planetary research for the younger generation
11
EARTH OBSERVATION APPLICATIONS

• LAND
• Landuse/Land Cover Mapping
• Wasteland Mapping
• Urban Sprawl Studies
• Large Scale Mapping

• AGRICULTURE SOIL
• Crop Acreage Production Estimation
• Soil Land Degradation Mapping
• Watershed Development
• Horticulture Mission for North-East

• WEATHER CLIMATE
• Extended Range Monsoon Forecasting
• Ocean State Forecasting
• Regional Climate Model

• FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO
• Forest Cover Type Mapping
• Forest Fire and Risk Mapping
• Biodiversity Characterisation
• Environmental Impact Studies

• OCEAN
• Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ)
• Coastal Zone Mapping

• WATER
• Potential Drinking Water Zones
• Command Area Management
• Reservoir Sedimentation

• DISASTER SUPPORT
• Flood Damage Assessment
• Drought Monitoring
• Land Slide Hazard Zonation

12
Sensor Characteristics
IMS (2008) MX, HySI like L3
64-bands 0.4-.95 37 506 151 130 --
--
13
NRSC Archives Data Availability
IRS1A/1B/P3/P4 data older than 5 years -4
Coverage's per year archived
14
Data Archival Status-Global
Data over Indian Terrain is available from 2003
onwards
15
Data Archival Status-Global
Data over Indian Terrain is available from 2003
onwards
16
Data Archival Status-Global
Data over Indian Terrain is available from 2005
onwards
17
Data Archival Status-Global
Total acquisitions 16,45,515 sq km
Cloud free acquisitions 03,11,283 sq km
18
Future Satellites
MEGHA-TROPIQUES SAPHIR, SCARAB MADRAS
RISAT-I C-band SAR, 5.3GHz, HH, VV, HV 3-50 m
Multi mode
RESOURCESAT II AWiFS LISS-III LISS IV
OCEANSAT-II SCAT, OCM

METSAT-1 VHRR 2 Km(vis) 8 Km(IR WV)
19
Resourcesat-2 Payload Specifications
20
Future Requirements
21
VEGETATION TYPE MAP OF INDIA
Forest Cover Temperate Conifer Forest Temperate
Broad Leaved Forest Temperate Mixed
Forest Tropical Evergreen Forest Tropical Semi
evergreen Forest Tropical Moist Deciduous
Forest Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest Tropical
Thorn Forest Sub Tropical Forest Conifer
Forest Sub Alpine Forest Mangrove Forest
Degraded Forest Abandoned Jhum Land Cover Alpine
Meadows Grasslands Scrub/Shrub Current Jhum
Coral Reefs Plantations Orchards Valley
Agriculture Irrigated/ Rainfed Agriculture Fallow
Land Barren Land Sand Dunes Mud Flats Swamps Wet
Pans Dry Pans Water Body Settlement Other
Classes Snow Cloud Shadow
ThanQ
22
Resourcesat-2 Payload Specifications