PART I Waste Legislation

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Jarna AnttilaUniversity of Helsinki Technical
Department
Proper disposal of waste

• PART I Waste Legislation
• PART II Hazardous and special waste
• PART III Ordinary/Municipal waste

The ABC of Animal Experiments 2009 Proper
disposal of waste
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PART I

• Waste Legislation

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General waste legislation

• Waste Act (1072/1993) several amendments has
  been made
• Waste Decree (1390/1993)
• Ministry of the Environment Decree on the list
  of the most common wastes and of hazardous wastes
  (1129/2001)
• Council of State Decision on information to be
  provided on hazardous waste and on the packing
  and labelling of hazardous waste (659/1996)
• The website of Finlands environmental
  administration
• www.environment.fi gt Legislation, permits
  and forms gt Legislationgt Environmental protection
  legislation gt Waste legislation

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Waste hierarchy

• Prevent
• Re-use
• Recycle or compost
• Recover energy
• Dispose safely

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How to prevent waste

• Favour good quality, durability and less
  packaging
• Favour long-lasting and repairable products of
  good quality
• Replace purchased goods with services

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Waste segregation

• Do not mix different types of wastes together
• mixing may make recycling impossible,
• cause a chemical reaction, or
• create a mixture that needs to be managed as a
  hazardous waste

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Duty to keep record

• Producers of hazardous wastes must keep a record
  of
• quantity, type, quality and origin of all waste
  arising from their operations
• method of disposal and date of removal

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Local waste regulations

• YTV - Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council Waste
  Management Department
• http//www.ytv.fi/ENG/waste
• Sewer Guidelines (Helsinki Water)
• http//www.helsinginvesi.fi/
• Departments may also have their own waste
  instructions.

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Transport of Dangerous Goods

• 1. Explosives
• 2. Gases
• 3. Flammable and combustible liquids
• 4.1 Combustible and self-reactive
• 4.2 Spontaneously combustible
• 4.3 Water Reactive
• 5.1 Oxidizing substances
• 5.2 Organic peroxides
• 6.1 Poisonous (toxic) sustances
• 6.2 Infectious substances
• 7. Radioactive materials
• 8. Corrosives
• 9. Miscellaneous dangerous substances

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Hazardous waste transportation

• Transportation must be in accordance with
  dangerous goods transport regulation
• All containers or other packaging material must
  be UN-approved
• Identification form containing the information of
  the quality of waste an its origin

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Transportation containers(UN accepted)
BARREL - organic solvents - medicines,
contaminated packaging of chemicals
EKOBOX Waste chemical in small packaging
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Down the drain

• Drain disposal of hazardous waste is prohibited
• Infectious liquids must be decontaminated
• Hazardous chemical waste lists, properties and
  limit values
• Waste Degree (1390/1993, Annex 2-4)
• http//www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1993/en199
  31390.pdf
• Only liquids solid and viscous waste plugs up
  drainpipes

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• Corrosive solutions must be neutralized before
  sink/drain disposal - pH must be between 6 and
  11.
• Flammable or explosive solution (acetone,
  gasoline, aldehydes, peroxides, ethers, xylene,
  toluene) must not be disposed into a sink or
  drain.
• The dilution of substances for wastewater
  disposal purposes is strictly prohibited.

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PART II

• Hazardous and special waste

Hazardous waste is waste which may cause hazard
or harm to health or the environment because of
its chemical or physical or some other property.
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Waste categories

• Infectious waste
• GMO waste (Genetically Modified Organism waste)
• Carcasses
• Biological waste
• Sharp waste
• Chemical waste
• Multi-hazardous waste
• Wood shavings (bedding)

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INFECTIOUS WASTE
Infectious waste
Classification of Biological Hazards
(bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungal agents)

• cultures, samples, and stocks of infectious
  agents
• contaminated animals, materials, and equipment

• agents presenting a risk or potential risk to
  the well-being of man, or other animals
• infection either directly or indirectly through
  disruption of the environment
• classes 1 through 4 on the basis of the hazards
  they present
• Class 1 no special treatment
• (not mentioned in classification)
• Classes 2 - 4 -gt pre-processing before waste
  disposal
• Chemical disinfection
• Steam sterilization (Autoclaving)
• Incineration (burning to ash)

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Packaging
GMO waste Genetically Modified Organism waste

• Pack in two bags (one paper, one plastic) and
  seal the bags with tape
• Storage place cold room or freezer

• All Genetic Modification experiments filed and
  sanctioned by Board of Gene Technology
  www.geenitekniikanlautakunta.fi
• - gtEnglish Summary
• Notification / application contains information
  on waste management

Final disposal
1) After decontamination (autoclaving) Disposal
with municipal waste (mixed waste) 2) Incineration
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Infectious and GMO Waste Treatment (3
alternatives)
Chemical Disinfection 1) Decontaminating by
liquid and gaseous chemicals alcohol (ethyl or
isopropyl), chlorine compounds, ethylene oxide
Steam Sterilization 1) Autoclaving
Incineration
1) Packaging - Safety marks (UN 3291 ) - ADR
transportation - UN accepted package
2) Hazardous waste disposal plant
2) Disposal with municipal waste (mixed waste)
2) Disposal with municipal waste (mixed waste)
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Carcasses
Packaging
Dead laboratory animals (Carcasses)

• Leak-proof plastic bag
• Storage in a cold room or a freezer

• Dead laboratory animals (mice, rats, moles,
  fishes, pigs etc)
• Biohazardous carcasses (infected with organisms
  pathogenic to humans or animal) must be
  autoclaved before delivered the Honkajoki Animal
  waste treatment plant or incinirate at a
  hazardous waste plant (Ekokem Oy).

• Final disposal
• Destroyed in the hazardous animal waste
  treatment plant (Honkajoki Oy)

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BIOLOGICAL WASTE
Biological waste
Packaging

• leak-proof plastic bag or container (red colour)
• storage place cold room or freezer

• Materials and equipments contaminated by blood
  and other secretions

Final disposal

• landfilling as a special waste
• (Incineration or autoclaving)

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Sharp waste
Packaging
SHARP WASTE

• rigid, leak-proof,
• puncture-resistant
• plastic container
• (e.g. detergent and alcohol containers)
• minimize opportunity for
• contact injury

• syringes, needles, and sharp
• instruments (e.g. blades, knifes)
• any sharp instrument that can easily penetrate
  skin or puncture waste bags

Final disposal

• landfilling as special waste
• incineration

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Sharp waste
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Radioactive waste
Packaging
SHARP WASTE

• Packages shall be
• marked appropriately, mentioning the primary
  radionuclides and their activity.
• the storage area or the waste packages must be
• marked with a sign indicating a danger of
  radiation.

• Regulated and guided by STUK Radiation
• and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland
• Radioactive Wastes and Discharges ST 6.2
  Guidelines
• http//www.finlex.fi/data/normit/2389-6_2e.pdf

Final disposal

• After completion of the necessary storage
  period, the waste will be disposed of as ordinary
  waste (Remove signs indicating a danger of
  radiation)

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CHEMICAL WASTE
Chemical waste
Segregation and Packaging
VIILTÄVÄ JA PISTÄVÄ JÄTESHARP WASTE

• Segregation of different waste
• Storage of incompatible chemicals in different
  cabinets / room

Waste, which has one or more of the following
characteristics

• explosive
• oxidising
• highly flammable / flammable
• irritating
• damaging
• very toxic/ toxic
• carcinogenic
• corrosive
• teratogenic
• mutagenic
• ecotoxic

Final disposal

• Ekokem Oy Ab hazardous waste disposal plant
• http//www.ekokem.fi/portal/en/

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Old labelling of dangerous chemicals
This labelling can be used for substances until
1. of December 2010 or for mixtures until 1.
June 2015.
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New labelling of hazardous chemicals CLP-decree
(Classification, Labelling and Packaging of
substances and mixtures)
Dangerous for environment
Pressured gas
Serious impacts on health
Explosive
Acutely toxic
Mild impacts on health
Oxcidizing
Corrosive
Flammable
New labelling is to be used for chemical
substances from 1. of December 2010 And for
mixtures from 1. of June 2015.
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)According to
REACH-Degree

• Section 1 - Product and Company Identification
• Section 2 Hazard identification
• Section 3 - Compositon/Information on Ingredients
  
• Section 4 - First Aid Measures
• Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures
• Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures
• Section 7 - Handling and Storage
• Section 8 - Exposure Controls Personal
  Protection
• Section 9 - Physical Chemical Properties
• Section 10 - Stability Reactivity Data
• Section 11 - Toxicological Information
• Section 12 - Ecological Information
• Section 13 - Disposal Considerations
• Section 14 - MSDS Transport Information
• Section 15 - Regulatory Information
• Section 16 - Other Information

Updated MSDS for all chemicals before 1.12.2010
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Labelling Chemical Waste

• The name of the department and of a contact
  person
• The composition of chemical waste (all chemicals,
  impurities, and their concentrations)
• The amount of chemical (fullness degree 90 )
• Hazard Symbols
• Risk and Safety Phrases
• R 14 Reacts violently with water.
• R 23/24/25 Toxic by inhalation, in contact with
  skin and if swallowed.
• S 39 Wear eye/face protection.
• S 30Never add water to this product.
• USE ORGINAL CONTAINERS, IF POSSIBLE!

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Correct sorting of chemical waste substances

• Flammable liquids
• Acids
• Bases
• Oxidising substances
• Toxic substances (Keep locked up)
• Waste containing mercury
• Cyanides, arsenics
• Potassium, sodium, phosphor (metallic)
• Waste containing iodine or bromine
• All highly reactive materials

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Class 3 (ADR)Flammable liquids

• HAZARDS
• - Fire
• - Toxic vapours
• EXAMPLES
• - Acetone UN 1090
• - Methanol UN 1230

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Class 6.1 (ADR)Poisonous (toxic) substances

• HAZARDS - Can cause serious illness, injury or
  death if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed by skin
• EXAMPLES
• - Chloroform UN 1888
• - Glutaraldehyde UN 2810
• Polluted lab material and empty packaging of
  toxic chemicals can also be dangerous waste

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Class 8 (ADR) Corrosives

• Hazards Can cause severe burns and skin damage
• Acids and bases
• Usually neutralization on-site (weak solutions)
• Neutralizing large volumes of concentrated
  mineral acids is not recommented because process
  producers heat and fume that can pose safety
  risk.

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SHARP WASTE
Multi-Hazardous Waste
Packaging

• All hazards must be taking into account

• Waste that contains any combination of chemical,
  radioactive, or biological hazards
• Require special management
• Evaluation on an individual basis / on the
  greatest hazard

Final disposal

• Usually incineration at hazardous waste disposal
  plant or several different kinds of treatments

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Wood shavings (bedding)

• can be collected as compostable waste (biowaste),
  if not infectious
• after compost is used as a raw material of humus
  soil

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PART III

• Ordinary/municipal waste

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ENERGY WASTE
( )

• marked plastic packaging and products
• other combustible waste
• NO WASTE DIRTY WITH FOOD!
• NO PVC-PLASTIC! NO ALUMINIUM

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CARDBOARD

• brown cardboard and corrugated cardboard
• brown pasteboard, kraft paper
• brown envelopes
• FLATTEN THE BOXES. STAPLES,
• PAPER CLIPS, STICKERS AND
• TAPE ARE ALLOWED.

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PASTEBOARD

• paper and cardboard packaging
• plastic coated wrapping papers (copy paper
  wrappings, packing papers)
• cartons of milk and juice, also aluminium coated
• PLEASE RINSE AND FLATTEN
• PACKAGES!

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GLASS

• clear and coloured packaging glass and glassware
• NO WINDOW GLASS,PORCELAIN,
• CERAMICS, PYREX NOR
• LABORATORY GLASS

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PAPER RECYCLING

• PAPER FOR RECYCLING
• newspapers and magazines
• coloured and recycled paper
• envelopes, advertisements and brochures
• WHITE OFFICE PAPER
• white copier and printer paper
• CONFIDENTIAL PAPER
• papers with personal and confidental data
• inside documents

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BIO WASTE

• fruit and vegetable peel, egg shells
• kitchen paper and napkins
• coffee grounds and filters, tea bags
• old flowers and flower pot soil
• food leftovers

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METALLIC SCRAP

• metal dishes, tools, covers, and other small
  metalware
• aluminium cans and folio
• empty paint pots, metal tins
• NO ELECTRIC WIRES,
• APPLIANCES NOR CABLES.

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LANDFILLED WASTE

• non recyclable,
• unsorted residual waste
• PVC-plastic
• NO HAZARDOUS WASTE!

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Producer responsibility

• Obliges producers to organize the reuse, recovery
  or suitable treatment or disposal of their
  products and to cover the related costs.
• Producer responsibility covers the following
  product types
• electronic and electrical appliances,
• cars, vans and comparable vehicles, tyres
• newspapers, magazines, copy paper, and other
  comparable paper products, packaging 

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THANK YOU !

• HAVE A NICE COURSE!