Criteria for sustainability

1
Criteria for sustainability

• Efficiency, effectiveness and equity
• Affordability, tariffs and cost recovery
• Community participation
• Community management and OM
• Technology choice
• Demand responsive approaches
• Capacity building
• Customs and cultures
• Recognizing gender issues
• Building partnerships
• Levels of service for meeting basic needs and
  convenience

2
Barriers affecting use of ESTs

• Political will
• Legislation Building regulations, bye-laws,
  water quality and effluent guidelines
• Capacity and competencies
• One size fits all syndrome and big is beautiful
• Lack of institutional support
• Community participation, buy in and
  education..the difficult part.
• Low cost Vs Appropriate/effective
• Glamour !!!!
• Lack of knowledge on application and successes of
  ESTs
• The notion that ESTs are solutions which require
  no ongoing support (throw the key away
  technology!!!!!!)
• Emerging environmental requirements

3
Categorising WSS Technologies

• Onsite or Household more suitable for sparse
  settlements and low density rural areas and low
  consumption of water e.g.
• Handpumps
• VIPs
• Offsite or communal suitable for high density
  settlements and high consumption of water
• Piped Water
• Sewerage

4
Types of sanitation technologies

• Onsite dry systems
• Pitlatrines
• VIPs and its variations
• Composting Toilets
• Ecosan/dehydration
• Suitability
• Low capital and OM costs
• Low water consumption
• Good ground conditions
• Availability of space
• Waste can be reused as soil fertilizer