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Streaming Video over the Internet: Approaches and Directions

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Title: Streaming Video over the Internet: Approaches and Directions


1
Streaming Video over the Internet Approaches and
Directions
  • Dapeng Wu, Yiwei Thomas Hou et al.

Presented by Abhishek Gupta agupta_at_cs.ubc.ca
2
Introduction
  • Issues in Video Streaming.
  • Transmission of Real Time Video typically has
    bandwidth and delay requirements.
  • Current Internet does not offer any QoS
    guarantees to streaming video.
  • For multicast it is difficult to achieve both
    efficiency and flexibility.

3
Overview
  • Key areas in streaming video.
  • Video Compression Scalable and Nonscalable
    coding.
  • Application-layer QoS control.
  • Continuous media distribution services.
  • Streaming servers.
  • Media synchronization mechanisms.
  • Protocols for streaming media.

4
Architecture For Streaming Video
5
Video Compression
  • Nonscalable Video Coding.

Nonscalable video Encoder
Nonscalable video Encoder
6
Video Compression(contd.)
  • Scalable Video Encoding.

Scalable video encoder
Scalable video decoder
7
Application Requirements from Encoder and Decoder
  • Bandwidth Rate control.
  • Delay - Buffering.
  • Loss Multiple description coding.
  • Video Cassette recorder like functions.
  • Decoding Complexity.

8
Application Layer QoS Control
  • Congestion Control
  • Rate Control
  • Source Based Probe based, Model based (TCP
    friendly)
  • Receiver Based Channel based, Model based.
  • Hybrid Rate Control Destination set grouping
    and layered multicast scheme.
  • Rate Shaping Match the rate of a pre-compressed
    bitstream to a target rate by use of filters.

9
Application Layer QoS Control (contd.)
  • Error Control
  • Forward Error Correction (FEC) Channel coding,
    Source coding, Joint channel/source coding.
  • Delay-Constrained Retransmission.
  • Error-resilient coding Multiple description
    coding.
  • Error concealment Spatial and Temporal
    Interpolation.

10
Continuous Media Distribution Services
  • Network filtering.
  • Improved video quality.
  • Bandwidth efficiency.
  • Application level multicast.
  • Media bridges-Interconnection of media multicast
    networks enabled through application level
    peering relationships.
  • Content replication.
  • Caching
  • Mirroring

11
Streaming Servers
  • Components.
  • Communicator Application layer and transport
    protocols.
  • Operating System Real time support for
    streaming applications.
  • Storage System Support for continuous media
    storage and retrieval.

12
Streaming Servers (contd.)
  • Real Time Operating Systems
  • Process management EDF and rate- monotonic
    scheduling.
  • Resource Management - Admission Control, Resource
    Allocation.
  • File Management

13
Streaming Servers (contd.)
  • Storage System
  • Increase throughput with data stripping.
  • Increase capacity with tertiary and hierarchical
    storage.
  • Use SAN, NAS.
  • Fault tolerance.

14
Media Synchronization
  • Intra-stream synchronization Within a time
    dependent data stream.
  • Inter-stream synchronization Between different
    time dependent data streams.
  • Inter-object synchronization Between time
    dependent and time independent data.

15
Protocols for Streaming Video
  • Network layer protocols IP.
  • Transport protocols TCP, UDP, RTP, RTCP.
  • Session control protocols RTSP, SIP.

16
Protocols for Streaming Video (contd.)
Protocol Stacks for Media Streaming
17
Protocols for Streaming Video (contd.)
  • Transport Protocols RTP and RTCP.
  • RTP
  • Time Stamping
  • Sequence numbering
  • Payload type identification
  • Source identification
  • RTCP
  • QoS Feedback
  • Participant information
  • Control packets scaling
  • Inter-media synchronization
  • Minimal session control information.

18
Protocols for Streaming Video (contd.)
  • Session control protocols RTSP and SIP
  • RTSP
  • Support VCR like options
  • Provide means for choosing delivery channels and
    delivery mechanisms based upon RTP.
  • Media retrieval
  • Adding media to existing session.
  • SIP Similar to RTSP but supports user mobility.

19
Future Directions
  • Video Compression How about using a combination
    of encoding schemes?
  • Application Level QoS The effectiveness of TCP
    like rate control.
  • Continuous media distribution services A
    scalable, cost-effective, efficient and
    incremental deployable infrastructure for
    continuous media distribution.
  • Streaming servers VCR like control, Storage
    mechanisms, scalability, fault tolerance.
  • Media synchronization Synchronization in
    multicast video while supporting VCR-like
    interactive functions.
  • Protocols Caching, support for pause/resume
    operation in caches, security in protocols.
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