REASONS FOR MUSIC

1
REASONS FOR MUSIC

• Sonic background
• Nonmusical situations
• Movie scores
• Sacred music (worship)
• Group identity
• Clothing/hair style
• Intellectual or one of the crowd
• Vent feelings

2
REASONS FOR MUSIC

• RECREATION
• ACCOMPANY WORK
• DIVINE ACTION (RAIN DANCE)

3
SOUND PITCH, DYNAMICS, AND TONE COLOR

• SOUND
• Begins with the vibration on an object, such as
  string or through a tube.
• Consonant
• Disconsonant (discordant)
• Sound travels in waves or impulses

4
PITCH

• Pitch is the degree of highness or lowness of a
  sound
• Pitch is determined by the frequency of its
  vibrations.
• Faster the vibration the higher the pitch.
• Slower the vibration the lower the pitch.
• Measured in cycles per second.
• Highest piano pitch 4,186 cycles per second.
• Lowest piano pitch 27 cycles per second.

5
TONE

• Definite pitch
• A440cps
• Vibrations of a tone are regular an reach the ear
  at regular intervals. (definite pitch)
• Noiselike sounds like squealing brakes or cymbals
  produce irregular vibrations. (irregular pitch)

6
INTERVAL

• Distance between two pitches.
• Perfect interval is octave
• Octaves double each other.
• A440 octave higher A880
• Octave lower A220 etc.
• Tempering pitch to equalize the intervals.
• Scales
• Pitch range (highest and lowest tones)

7
DYNAMICS

• Degree of loudness or softness in music.
• Pressure variation leads to dynamics.
• Accent-subtle change in dynamics
• Traditional
• Pianissimo pp very soft
• Piano p soft
• Mezzo piano mp moderately soft
• Mezzo forte mf moderately loud
• Forte f loud
• Fortissimo ff very loud
• The more ps added the softer the more fs added
  the louder. ppp fff etc.

8
DYNAMICS

• DECRESCENDO (Descrec.) gradually softer.

9
DYNAMICS

• CRESCENDO (CRESC.) gradually louder (stronger).

10
TONE COLOR

• Timbre The quality of a sound. The instruments
  or the voice.
• bright
• dark
• brilliant
• mellow
• rich

11
LISTENING STYLESAaron Copland

• SENSUOUS STYLE
• EXPRESSIVE STYLE
• SHEERLY MUSICAL STYLE

12
LISTENING STYLESCopland

• SENSUOUS STYLE
• TIMING IN THE MUSIC
• Th right chord, the right sequence, or phrase at
  the right time, leads to a sensuous feeling of
  the music.
• A spinetingling experience or a breathtaking
  scene can be thought of as a sensuous comparison
• Mood an emotions are not involved in the sensuous
  style. Sensuousness is physical.

13
LISTENING STYLESCopland

• EXPRESSIVE STYLE
• Part of music and literature for centuries.
• Easiest form of listening.
• Listen for mood and emotion represented in the
  melodies.
• Psychological style of listening.
• Allows even the uninitiated listener the chance
  to detect subtle changes in melodies.
• Listeners should seek out their own emotions
  while listening to expressive melodies.

14
LISTENING STYLESCopland

• SHEERLY MUSICAL STYLE
• Need some basic knowledge of music.
• As the listeners knowledge increases, a new
  appreciation for music and the musicians has an
  appealing affect on the listener.
• All three styles can be present in a musical
  piece.
• Expressive Style is the most common.