Cross Cultural Counseling

1
Cross Cultural Counseling

• What is it?

2
Components

• Q A
• Readings/Assignments for next week
• Culture Matters
• Content
• Experiential activity/ Groupwork
• Case Study
• Project Time

3
Recap

• Miriam
• The Primal Mind
• Groups
• Peer Evaluation Forms

4
The Focus

• Diversity and Multiculturalism
• Counseling
• Cross Cultural Counseling
• Multicultural Counseling
• Multicultural Counseling Competencies

5
Leftovers (Context)

• Minorities have less access to, and availability
  of, mental health services.
• Minorities are less likely to receive needed
  mental health services.
• Minorities in treatment often receive a poorer
  quality of mental health care.
• Minorities are underrepresented in mental health
  research.
• http//www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth
  /cre/

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Race, Racism, Racial Identity Development

• What does it all mean?

7
Recap and follow-up

• Maintain seating assignments
• Cultural Being Paper Due
• Crash as an educational tool?
• Reading assignment
• Tipping point clarification
• Group time
• QA

8
Definition deconstruction (readings)

• Privilege (Barry Olson)
• Race
• Racism
• Racial Identity Development

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Race

• an arbitrary classification system of
  populations conceived in Europe, using actual or
  assumed genetic traits to classify populations of
  the world into a hierarchical order, with
  Europeans superior to all other (Christensen,
  1989).

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Race

• the myth of human races constitutes one of mans
  most damnable masses of misinformation, andhas
  led to wars, strife, murder and waste of natural
  resources (Calloway Harris, 1977).

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Race

• The idea that racial classifications correspond
  to a reality or collection of characteristics has
  not been demonstrated (Axelson, 1999)

12
Evidence

• The human genetic code, or genome, is 99.9
  percent identical throughout the world (Shreeve,
  2006)
• National Geographic (March 2006)

13
The Genesis of Race in the US

• 1444 European Slave Trade Begins
• 1660s VA and MD passed laws which prohibited
  marriage between people of African descent and
  people of European descent and made all Africans
  slaves for life.
• 1863 Emancipation Proclamation
• 1865 13 amendment
• 1978 Most recent racial classification system
  from US government?
• 2000 Census offers new choices

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Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model

• Handout

15
Other topics not covered in class

• Optimal theory

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Research findings (RID)

• Black counselors identified themselves as more
  multiculturally competent than White counselors
  (Holcomb-McCoy,2000)
• Racial identity development and multicultural
  terminology are critical factors of multicultural
  competence (Holcomb-McCoy,2000)

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White Racial Identity Development

• Contact
• Disintegration
• Re-integration
• Pseudoindependence
• Immersion-emersion
• Autonomy

• Obliviousness
• Dissonance
• Privilege Protection
• Redefinition
• Self Activism
• Nonracist Identity

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Experiential Activities

• Making it real

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Issue identity The client the counselor

• Identify a counseling issue
• What are the important characteristics of the
  client/counselor?

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Case Trans-racial adoption (5 min)

• http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?story
  Id5696238
• Role play

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A Girl Like Me

• http//www.uthtv.com/umedia/show/2052/

22
Cool With You

• http//www.blastro.com/player/mellodandtheradoscoo
  lwitchu.html?detect_mediatypewmvdetect_bitrate_
  700

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Overview

• Readings, Handouts, Papers, Group Assignments
• Next week
• Culture Matters
• Oppression
• Statused Identities
• Squat Game
• -Isms Illuminated
• Gender
• Case/Skits
• Panel

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-Ism(s) Defined

• A system (social structure) of advantage
  (disadvantage) based on specific characteristics
• Policies, procedures, rules, and institutions
  that create and maintain inequity
• Patterns of inequity can be seen over time
• Comparative statistics suggest inequity

25
Social Structure

• Laws (e.g., federal, state, local)
• Policies (e.g., Work-related)
• Cultural Values (e.g., Timeliness, efficiency)
• Systems (e.g., Educational, Occupational, Social)

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-Isms Illuminated
27
-ISM Development
Individual/Group
Societal
History
TIME
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Ism Example

• If I discriminate against women, I am sexist and
  I am an active participant in sexism.
• If I simply enjoy the benefits of my male
  privilege and do not actively discriminate
  against women, I am still sexist and I am a
  passive participant in sexism.

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Oh- OppressionYou prey on us when we
sleep.OppressionYou chase after the tired, the
poor, the weak.OppressionYou know you mean only
harm.OppressionYou reach out with your long
arm.But OppressionI won't let you near me, aah
no.OppressionYou shall learn to fear me, yes
you will.OppressionYou seek population
control.OppressionTo divide and to conquer is
your goal.OppressionI swear that hatred is your
home.OppressionYou just won't leave bad enough
alone.
01 - OPPRESSION(Ben Harper)Fight For Your
Mind, 1995
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But OppressionI won't let you near me, aah
no.OppressionYou shall learn to fear me, yes
you will. Oppression,I don't see how you
sleep.OppressionFor your bleeding conscience I
weep.OppressionYou may have the dollar on your
side.But OppressionFrom the gospel truth you
cannot hide.And OppressionI won't let you near
me, aah no.OppressionYou shall learn to fear
me, yes you will.OppressionI won't let you near
me - aah no.OppressionYou shall fear me, yes
you will - aah.
01 - OPPRESSION(Ben Harper)Fight For Your
Mind, 1995
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Gender Roles

• Masculine and Feminine
• Can an individual be both?
• What if you are trans-gendered?
• Definitions, Restrictions? and Implications

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Gender Roles

• What restrictions did your gender place on you
  as a child? (Arrington)
• I love sports and interior decorating. Am I
  male or female?
• What are your contradictions?

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Comments

• The Tipping Point!
• Journal excerpts for book chapter (Outline)
• Turn in peer reviews
• Course Grade
• Culture Matters
• Institutional Racism Workshop

34
Review

• Kendra role play revisited
• My privilege revisited
• Dali experience (Victorias challenge revisited)
• Can we believe Ben Harper? (http//www.benharper.n
  et/?viewplayer)
• What do you want to change in the world?
• What role does multiculturalism have in the
  change process?

35
Middle-Eastern, Arab, Arab-American Panel

• Awareness, Knowledge, Skills

36

• Read Case Study on page 117

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Broaching

• The process of attending to the subjects of race,
  ethnicity, and culture in the counseling process
• Involves the selective attention to cultural
  factors that may impact the clients
  sociopolitical experience
• Does not define the clients race or culture as
  the primary source of concern

38
Broaching

• Places the clients concern in a sociocultural
  context
• The counselor and client work together to
  determine how race and culture may impact certain
  counseling related concerns

39
Asian American History

• Which Asian ethnic group has the longest history
  in the US?
• What brought them to the US?
• Why were Japanese, Korean, Filipino, and Puerto
  Rican people recruited to Hawaii at the beginning
  of the 20th century?
• What are some of the reasons the first Japanese
  immigrants left Japan?

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• The Organic Act of 1900 created the U.S.
  Territory of Hawaii and disenfranchised Chinese
  and Japanese workers
• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
• December 7, 1941 Bombing of Pearl Harbor
• 110,000 Japanese, mostly second generation,
  placed in internment camps

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Generic Characteristics of Counseling

• Standard English
• Verbal Communication
• Individual Centered
• Verbal, emotional, behavioral expressiveness
• Openness and intimacy
• Cause-effect orientation

42
Generic Characteristics of Counseling

• Clear distinction between physical and mental
  well-being
• Nuclear family
• Adherence to time schedules
• Long-range goals
• Ambiguity

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Asian American Client

• Asian language, Nonstandard English, Bilingual
• Family centered
• Restraint of feelings
• One-way communication from authority figure to
  person
• Silence is respect

44
Asian American Client

• Advice seeking
• Well-defined patterns of interaction (concrete
  structured)
• Private versus public display (shame/disgrace/prid
  e)
• Physical and mental well-being defined
  differently
• Extended family

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Asian American Client

• Action oriented
• Different time perspective
• Immediate, short-range goals

46
Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

• Helping role and process
• Uses modalities and defines goals consistent with
  the life experiences and cultural values of the
  client
• Recognizes client identities to include
  individual, group, and universal dimensions

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Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

• Advocates the use of universal and cultural
  specific strategies and roles in the healing
  process
• Balances the importance of individualism and
  collectivism in the assessment, diagnosis, and
  treatment of client and client system

48
Your Multicultural Counseling Model

• Content
• Select up to 5 points of information
• Theoretical Conceptualization
• Process
• How would you acquire this information?

49
Universal and culture-specific strategies

• Common features in helping relationships cut
  across cultures and societies
• The therapeutic relationship
• A shared worldview between the client and
  counselor
• Client expectations for positive change
• Interventions believed by both client and
  counselor to be a means for alleviating client
  distress

50
Universal and culture-specific strategies

• Multicultural counseling believes that different
  racial/ethnic minority groups might respond best
  to culture-specific strategies of helping.
• communication style
• beliefs about psychological problems
• strategies for coping with and resolving personal
  problems
• counseling expectations and behavior
• racial identity development and acculturation
• worldviews