Pumping Apparatus DriverOperator Lesson 2

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Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Lesson 2
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Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Lesson 2

• Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook, 2nd
  Edition
• Chapter 2 Types of Fire Apparatus Equipped with
  a Fire Pump

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Learning Objectives

• 1. Answer questions about fire department
  pumpers.
• 2. Choose correct responses about various types
  of pumpers.
• 3. Select facts about mobile water supply
  apparatus.
• 4. Recall information about wildland fire
  apparatus.

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Learning Objectives

• 5. Complete ICS pumper and water tender (tanker)
  classification tables.
• 6. Select from a list characteristics of aircraft
  rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) apparatus.
• 7. Select from a list characteristics of fire
  boat apparatus.
• 8. List reasons for equipping aerial apparatus
  with fire pumps.

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Learning Objectives

• 9. Answer questions about aerial apparatus
  equipped with fire pumps.
• 10. Select from a list characteristics of ladder
  tenders.
• 11. Select facts about rescue apparatus equipped
  with fire pumps.
• 12. Recognize information about electric power
  generation equipment.

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Learning Objectives

• 13. Answer questions about scene lighting and
  electric power distribution equipment.
• 14. Select facts about hydraulic rescue tool
  systems.

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Fire Department Pumpers

• Provide water at an adequate pressure for fire
  streams
• Are regulated by NFPA 1901
• Must have a minimum pump capacity of750 gpm (3
  000 L/min) larger pumps are found in increments
  of 250 gpm (1 000 L/min)

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Fire Department Pumpers

• Must have intake and discharge pump connections,
  pump and engine controls, gauges, and other
  components to allow the driver/operator to use
  the pump
• Must be equipped with a variety of hose sizes and
  types

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Fire Department Pumpers

• May include various types of equipment
• May be combined with the functions of a rescue
  company

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Industrial Pumperswith Foam Capability

• Are large-capacity foam pumpers, manned by the
  site fire brigade
• Are primarily intended to produce large
  quantities of foam solution to attack Class B
  fires and suppress vapors in spills
• Are built according to NFPA 1901

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Industrial Pumperswith Foam Capability

• May be equipped with around-the-pump, direct
  injection, balanced pressure foam proportioning
  systems, compressed-air foam systems (CAFS), or a
  combination of these
• May have CAFS in addition to, not instead of, a
  proportioning system
• Use some form of balanced pressure proportioning
  system because of the reliability of the foam
  proportioning at large flows

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Industrial Pumperswith Foam Capability

• Are equipped with fire pumps that range in
  capacity from 1,000 to 3,000 gpm (4 000 L/min to
  12 000 L/min) or greater
• Most have large foam concentrate tank on board,
  ranging from 500 to 1,500 gallons (2 000 L to 6
  000 L) of concentrate

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Industrial Pumperswith Foam Capability

• Are typically equipped with a large fixed
  foam/water turret capable of flowing the entire
  capacity of the fire pump

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Municipal Pumperswith Foam Capability

• Some may be equipped with fixed Class A and/or
  Class B foam systems
• Have foam proportioning systems that are
  typically scaled-down versions of those described
  for industrial apparatus
• Range from 20 to 100 gallons (80 L to 400 L)
• Are designed to be refilled with 5 gallon (20 L)
  containers when necessary

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Pumpers withElevating Water Devices

• Provide a means for discharging fire streams from
  elevated nozzles
• Can be used to apply fire streams to the lower
  floors of a building
• Range in height from 50 to 75 feet (15 m to 23 m)

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Pumpers with Elevating Water Devices
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Initial Attack Fire Apparatus

• Are basically scaled-down versions of the fire
  department pumpers previously described
• Are built according to NFPA 1901
• Types
• Mini pumpers
• Midi pumpers

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Mini pumpers

• Are smaller, quick-attack pumpers
• Are designed to handle small fires that do not
  require the capacity or personnel needed for a
  larger pumper
• Enable a department to initiate a quick attack on
  small fires or fires in remote locations

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Mini pumpers

• Many are equipped with four-wheel drive
• Are most often mounted on one-ton chassis with
  custom-made bodies or modular units
• Most have pumps with a capacity of no larger than
  500 gpm (2 000 L/min)

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Mini pumpers

• Carry most of the same equipment as a larger
  pumper, but in smaller numbers
• Are able to get into small spaces to set up a
  master stream

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Midi pumpers

• Are well suited for small fires
• Have the ability to start an initial attack on
  larger fires
• Are built on a chassis usually over 12,000 pounds
  (5 443 kg) Gross Vehicle Weight

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Midi pumpers

• Are routinely equipped with pumps as large as
  1,000 gpm (4 000 L/min)
• Typically carry the same type equipment as a
  full-size pumper

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Midi pumpers
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Differences BetweenMini pumpers and Midi pumpers

• Size
• Pump Capacity
• Amount of equipment carried

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Mobile Water Supply Apparatus

• Also known as water tenders or tankers
• Are used to transport water to areas beyond a
  water system or to areas where water supply is
  inadequate
• Have water tanks that are larger than those
  generally found on standard pumpers
• Are designed to meet NFPA 1901

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Mobile Water Supply Apparatus

• Must carry at least 1,000 gallons (4 000 L) to be
  considered a mobile water supply apparatus
• Are limited to 1,500 gallons (6 000 L) or less
  for single rear-axle vehicles
• Are used as support vehicles for pumpers that are
  attacking a fire

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Mobile Water Supply Apparatus
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Factors Affecting Water Tank Size of Mobile Water
Supply Apparatus

• Terrain
• Bridge weight limits
• Monetary constraints
• Size of other mobile water supply apparatus in
  the area

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Construction Requirements of Mobile Water Supply
Apparatus

• Adequate but reasonable water tank capacity
• Adequate filling rate
• Adequate dump time
• Adequate suspension and steering

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Construction Requirements of Mobile Water Supply
Apparatus

• Properly sized chassis
• Properly sized engine for tank size and terrain
• Sufficient braking ability
• Proper tank mounting

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Construction Requirements of Mobile Water Supply
Apparatus

• Proper and safe tank baffling
• Adequate tank venting system
• Ability to dump water from either side or the
  rear of the apparatus

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Wildland Fire Apparatus

• Are lightweight, highly maneuverable vehicles
  that can go places inaccessible to larger
  apparatus
• Are usually built on a one-ton or larger vehicle
  chassis, and most have all-wheel drive
• Most have pump capacities and water tank sizes of
  less than 500 gallons (2 000 L)

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Wildland Fire Apparatus

• Have the ability to pump and roll
• Method 1 Firefighters use short sections of
  attack hose, walking alongside the apparatus
  (staying in the black or burned area) and
  extinguishing fire as they go
• Method 2 Firefighters use nozzles that are
  remotely controlled from inside the cab

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Wildland Fire Apparatus

• Some jurisdictions design their apparatus so that
  firefighters may ride on the outside of the
  vehicle and discharge water as the vehicle is
  driven. This practice is strictly prohibited by
  NFPA 1500.

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Wildland Fire Apparatus

• WARNING! It is hazardous to ride on the outside
  of any fire apparatus, even during slow-speed
  supply-hose-loading operations. IFSTA does not
  condone riding on the outside of the apparatus.

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Wildland Fire Apparatus

• Most carry booster hose, forestry hose, or small
  diameter attack lines
• May be equipped with remote-controlled nozzles or
  ground sweep nozzles
• May carry Class A foam agents

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Wildland Fire Apparatus

• Carry booster tanks that vary from approximately
  50 gallons (200 L) on all-terrain vehicles to in
  excess of 1,000 gallons (4 000 L) on larger
  apparatus

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Wildland Fire Apparatus
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ICS Pumper and WaterTender (Tanker) Typing

• The Incident Command System (ICS), as defined by
  the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
  categorizes pumping apparatus by capability.
• Tables 2.1 and 2.2 are taken from the National
  Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG).

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ICS Pumper and WaterTender (Tanker) Typing

• While similar to those of the NWCG, the FEMA
  resource typing requirements are shown in Tables
  2.3 and 2.4
• Individual states or jurisdictions may have their
  own method of typing

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ARFF Apparatus

• Were formerly referred to as crash, fire, rescue
  (CFR) vehicles
• Provide immediate suppression of flammable liquid
  fires and suppression of spill vapors on airport
  properties
• Are required to meet NFPA 414

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ARFF Apparatus

• Classifications
• Major fire fighting vehicles
• Rapid intervention vehicles
• Combined agent vehicles

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Fire Boat Apparatus

• Protect docks, wharves, piers, and boats in
  waterfront cities
• May be a small, high-speed, shallow draft vessel,
  or may be the size of a river, harbor, or
  ocean-going tug, depending on duties and area to
  be covered

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Fire Boat Apparatus

• May be used for ice or water rescue, fire
  fighting, or relaying water to land-based
  apparatus
• May deliver as much as 26,000 gpm (98 420 L/min)

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Fire Boat Apparatus

• Smaller boats are propelled by water jets or are
  amphibious
• Heavy duty boats are powered by marine-type
  diesel engines

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Reasons for Equipping Aerial Apparatus with Fire
Pumps

• The apparatus may be operated as a ladder
  company, engine company, or both, providing the
  fire department with more flexibility.
• The apparatus will be capable of supplying its
  own elevated master stream.

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Reasons for Equipping Aerial Apparatus with Fire
Pumps

• The apparatus may be used to extinguish small
  fires encountered when an engine company is not
  present.
• The apparatus may be used to protect itself in
  high radiant-heat situations.

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Aerial Apparatus Equipped with Fire Pumps

• Will include various sizes of pumps depending on
  the preference of the local jurisdiction
• Must have a minimum pump capacity of 250 gpm (946
  L/min)
• May specify smaller or larger pumps depending on
  need

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Aerial ApparatusEquipped with Fire Pumps
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Ladder Tenders

• Are smaller units used on incidents that do not
  require full-size ladder trucks
• May be equipped with relatively small water
  tanks, fire pumps, and booster hose that allow
  them to handle small nuisance fires and some
  vehicle fires

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Rescue ApparatusEquipped with Fire Pumps

• Can handle small fires and provide protective
  hose lines at incident scenes do not have the
  fire fighting capabilities of a full-sized fire
  department pumper
• Generally have a pump with a rated capacity of
  500 gpm (2 000 L/min) or less

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Rescue ApparatusEquipped with Fire Pumps

• Usually carry 500 gallons (2 000 L) of water or
  less
• May be equipped with foam proportioning systems
  and a foam concentrate tank
• Commonly have the fire pump panel located inside
  one of the compartments

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Rescue ApparatusEquipped with Fire Pumps
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Inverters

• Are used on pumpers when the local jurisdiction
  determines that it is not necessary for the
  pumper to be able to generate large amounts of
  power
• Converts the vehicles 12- or 24-volt DC current
  into 110- or 220-volt AC current

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Inverters

• Are generally capable of providing approximately
  1,500 watts (1.5 kW) or more of electric power
• Are most commonly used to power vehicle-mounted
  floodlights

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Inverters

• Advantages Fuel efficiency and low or
  nonexistent noise during operation
• Disadvantages Small capacities and limited
  mobility from the vehicle

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Portable Generators

• Are the most common power source used for
  emergency services
• Are powered by small gasoline or diesel engines
• Generally have 110- and/or 220-volt capacities

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Portable Generators

• Can be operated in the compartment of the
  apparatus, or can be carried to a remote location
  
• Are designed to be carried by one or two people
• Are designed with a variety of power
  capabilities, with 5,000 watts (5 kW) of power
  being the largest

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Vehicle-Mounted Generators

• Usually have a larger capacity than portable
  units
• Provide power for portable equipment and for the
  floodlighting system on the vehicle
• Can be powered by gasoline, diesel, or propane
  engines or by hydraulic or power take-off systems

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Vehicle-Mounted Generators

• Usually have fixed floodlights wired directly to
  the unit with outlets for other equipment
• Generally have 110- and 220-volt capabilities
• Pumpers commonly have capacities up to 12,000
  watts (12 kW)

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Vehicle-Mounted Generators

• Rescue vehicles may have capacities up to 50,000
  watts (50 kW) or more
• Can be noisy

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Portable Lights

• Are used where fixed lights are not able to reach
  or when additional lighting is necessary
• Range from 300 to 1,000 watts (0.3 kW to 1 kW)
• May be supplied by a cord from the power plant or
  may have a self-contained power unit

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Portable Lights

• Usually have handles for safe carrying and large
  bases for stable setting and placement
• Some are connected to telescoping stands that
  eliminate the need for personnel to either hold
  them or find something to set them on

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Fixed Lights

• Are mounted to the vehicle
• Provide overall lighting of the emergency scene
• Are usually mounted to be raised, lowered, or
  turned to provide the best possible lighting

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Fixed Lights

• Are often mounted on telescoping poles that allow
  movement
• May include electrically, pneumatically, or
  hydraulically operated booms with a bank of
  lights
• Range from 500 to 1,500 watts (0.5 kW to 1.5 kW)
  per light in the bank of lights

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Electric Distribution Equipment

• Electrical cables or extension cords
• Are necessary to conduct electrical power to
  portable equipment
• Are most often a 12-gauge, 3-wire type
• Must be adequately insulated, waterproof, and
  have no exposed wires

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Electric Distribution Equipment

• Junction boxes
• Used when multiple connections are needed
• Are supplied by one inlet from the power plant
  and are fitted with several outlets

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Electric Distribution Equipment

• Adapters
• For use where mutual aid departments frequently
  work together and have different sizes or types
  of connectors

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Powered HydraulicExtrication Equipment

• Types
• Spreaders
• Shears
• Combination spreader/shears
• Extension rams

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Powered HydraulicExtrication Equipment

• Are used in most extrication situations due to
  their wide range of uses, speed, and superior
  power

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Powered HydraulicExtrication Equipment
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Powered HydraulicExtrication Equipment

• Receive their power from
• Compressed air
• Electric motors
• Two- or four-cycle gas motors
• Apparatus-mounted power take-off systems

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Powered HydraulicExtrication Equipment

• May be portable and carried with the tool
• May be mounted on the vehicle and supply the tool
  through long coiled hoses or a hose reel line
• Note Most pumps cannot operate the tool at full
  speed when hose length between the pump and tool
  exceeds 100 feet (30 m)

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Summary

• Fire apparatus are classified according to the
  functions for which they are designed.
• The minimum design specifications for most
  pumping apparatus are contained in NFPA 1901.
• Fire apparatus with water-pumping capabilities
  range from relatively small initial-attack and
  wild land apparatus to large tandem-axle and
  tractor-drawn mobile water supply vehicles.

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Discussion Questions

• 1. What is the minimum pump capacity of a fire
  department pumper?
• 2. What are four types of fire department
  pumpers?
• 3. What are three characteristics of industrial
  pumpers with foam capability?

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Discussion Questions

• 4. What are two characteristics of municipal
  pumpers with foam capability?
• 5. What are two characteristics of pumpers with
  elevating water devices?
• 6. What are two types of initial attack fire
  apparatus?

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Discussion Questions

• 7. What variables determine the size of a water
  tenders tank?
• 8. What are two ways to pump and roll?
• 9. What wild land apparatus practice is strictly
  prohibited by NFPA 1500?
• 10. What are the three general classifications of
  ARFF apparatus?

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Discussion Questions

• 11. What are two reasons for equipping aerial
  apparatus with fire pumps?
• 12. What are three types of electric power
  generation equipment?
• 13. What are three types of powered hydraulic
  extrication equipment?
• Email answers to axe457_at_yahoo.com

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