Looking to the Future

1
Looking to the Future

• Global ETOPS/LROPS
• Implementation Timetables and Approaches

2
New U.S. ETOPS Regulations

• January 8, 2007 Signed by FAA
  Administrator
• January 16, 2007 Federal Register publication
• Docket No.
  FAA-2002-6717
• February 15, 2007 Effective Date for all twins
  in part 121
• September 4, 2007 AC120.42B and AC135-ETOPS in
  Federal Register Docket No.
  FAA-2002-6717
• February 15, 2008 Effective date for all
  aircraft in part 121
• August 13, 2008 Extension of Effective date
  for 2-engine commuter and on-demand
  operations
• June 2008 ETOPS Advisory Circulars to be
  Published

3
New U.S. ETOPS Regulations

• ETOPS Rule Initiative Announced in January, 2000
• ARAC ETOPS Working Group Formed in June 2000
• 50 members
• Airplane engine manufacturers
• U.S. and international airlines
• Regulators (FAA, CAA, JAA,TCCA)
• Pilot groups
• Industry organizations, airlines and passenger
  advocates
• Recommendations submitted to the FAA on December
  16, 2002
• 2 ½ years of deliberations
• Industry consensus

4
New U.S. ETOPS Regulations

• The concept of ETOPS has not changed
• PRECLUDE a diversion by designing reliable
  airplane, engines and systems and properly
  maintaining those airplanes throughout their
  operational life.
• PROTECT the diversion by having operational plans
  in place for the protection of passengers and
  crew

5
New U.S. ETOPS Regulations

• PURPOSE
• Manage the risk in all extended operations
• Longer diversions
• Aviation infrastructure in remote areas
• New route authorities and operating areas
• Technology advances in long-range flying
• Preclude and Protect Diversions
• Develop standardized requirements for extended
  operations for all airplanes regardless of the
  number of engines
• Continue and build on the success of previous
  guidance
• Learn from previous experience
• Instill same awareness and cooperation between
  maintenance and operations across all airplane
  fleets

6
New U.S. ETOPS Regulations Risk Assessment

• The FAA is projecting between 400 and 500
  diversions during the next sixteen years on
  long-range flights
• North Polar Operations
• - U.S. operations expected to double from 1600 to
  3200 by 2010.
• - EASA/JAA estimate 39,000 industry flights over
  North Polar Area by 2010
• Antarctica
• - currently minimal flights industry
  predicts 3200/year by 2010
• Canadian Arctic
• - Operations rose from 85,000 in 1999 to
  142,000 in 2004. Transport Canada
  predicts 7 yearly increase.

7
SUCCESS OF 2-ENGINE ETOPS

• In the past 20 years the reliability of engines
  has doubled
• Engine reliability today, as measured by the
  in-flight shutdown (IFSD) rate is better than
  one-half the rates experienced in the 1980s.
• Reliability of engines on twins is such that risk
  of critical failure is the same as 3- and
  4-engine
• Increase in operations from 1000/month to over
  1200/day (1985 2004)

8
SUCCESS OF 2-ENGINE ETOPS

• Progressive step-process of responding to
  industry needs
• Proactive process of mitigating risk
• Risk analysis
• Equivalent level of safety
• Application of SMS principles
• Preclude and Protect diversions
• Airplane engines and systems designed for
  reliability and the operation
• Maintenance procedures proactive and designed
  to avoid human errors
• Operational training and plan for enroute
  diversions

9
Previous ETOPS in the U.S.

• Definition Extended Range Operations with two-
• engine Airplanes
• Application
• All 2-engine turbojet airplanes operated in air
  carrier operations
• Routings that are greater than 60 minutes from an
  adequate airport
• Maximum approvals limited to 180 minutes
  world-wide and 207 minutes in the North Pacific
  Area

10
New U.S. ETOPS Regulations

• New Definition Extended Operations
• Codification of current 2-engine ETOPS guidance
• All operations from 60 minutes to 180 minutes
  from an available alternate (including 207
  minutes in North Pacific Area)
• Application of ETOPS requirements on all
  passenger-
• carrying airplanes more than 180 minutes from an
  
• alternate
• New 2-engine airplane approval for this operation
• New requirements for commuter on-demand
  operations
• New requirements for airplanes with more than two
  engines

11
New U.S. ETOPS Regulations

• Geographic Application
• ETOPS where routings are beyond 3 hours from an
  adequate airport
• North Polar Area (for two-engine airplanes)
• South Polar Area
• Oceanic areas of the Southern Hemisphere
• South Atlantic
• Southeastern South Pacific
• Indian Ocean

12
180-minute ETOPS 34-engines
13
New U.S. ETOPS Regulations

• General Requirements
• Same as previous ETOPS requirements
• ETOPS certification of the airplane and engine
• ETOPS operational approval of the operator

14
ETOPS Operational Approval

• Based on a particular engine-airplane combination
• Given for a particular ETOPS Area of Operation
• Authority based on an ETOPS operating area and
  maximum diversion time

15
ETOPS Operational Approval

• Based on a particular engine-airplane combination
• 2-engine
• Must be type-design approved for ETOPS up to the
  requirements of operating authority
• Approved under current guidance need not reapply
  for ETOPS up to 180 minutes (and 207 minutes)
• Existing type-certificated airplanes may be
  approved up to 180 minutes without meeting new
  certification requirements (fuel system pressure
  and flow, low fuel alerting and engine oil tank
  design)
• May apply for new ETOPS authorities beyond 180
  minutes once airplane receives appropriate ETOPS
  type design

16
ETOPS Operational Approval

• Based on a particular engine-airplane combination
• More than 2-engine (passenger-carrying)
• Airplanes manufactured prior to February 17, 2015
  may operate in ETOPS without ETOPS type design
• Airplanes manufactured on or after February 17,
  2015 must be type design approved
• Once an airplane (make model) receives ETOPS
  approval under 25.1535, all aircraft of the same
  type must adhere to the requirements of the ETOPS
  type design and all operational requirements for
  ETOPS time-limited systems

17
ETOPS Operational Approval

• 2. Given for a particular ETOPS Area of
  Operations
• 2-engine
• Approval up to 240-minute ETOPS based on specific
  operating regions (similar to past guidance)
• Approval beyond 240 minutes based on specific
  city pairs
• More than 2-engine (passenger-carrying)
• ETOPS approval not limited to geographic areas
• ETOPS authority based on the FAA approved maximum
  time- limited airplane system restriction

18
ETOPS Operational Approval

• More than 2 engine (passenger-carrying)
• Those certificate holders who, on February 15,
  2008, have the authority to operate on specific
  non-ETOPS routes that under the new definition
  are classified as ETOPS routes, are not required
  to re-apply for their specific route authority.
• From February 15, 2008, the certificate holder is
  required to comply with all the ETOPS flight
  operational requirements and must have their
  ETOPS program and all ETOPS processes approved by
  the FAA.

19
ETOPS Rule Compliance Dates

• Type Design Requirements
• Air Carrier
• Twins
• Current 180 approved
• exempt from added requirements
• Beyond 180
• subject to all certification requirements
• 3 4-engine
• 8 years (production cut-in)
• Commuter On-Demand
• All airplanes
• 8 years (production cut-in)

20
ETOPS Rule Compliance Dates

• Operational Requirements
• All operations (except air carrier ETOPS twins)
• 1 year compliance for general applications
  (February 16, 2008
• SATCOM
• ETOPS training
• Passenger recovery plans
• ETOPS Maintenance program (Commuter On-demand
  twins)
• Cargo fire suppression systems
• Air Carrier 34 engine 6 years
• Commuter On-Demand (all airplanes) 8 years
  

21
ETOPS Rule Global Harmonization

• Past ETOPS Guidance (1985 -2000)
• Air Carrier 2-engine operations
• Effectively Harmonized
• Efforts to update ETOPS guidance (2000-2007)
• Proposed for 2-engine and 34-engine
• Minor differences
• severe climate airports/US Polar Policy same
  concept, different approaches
• IFSD thresholds
• area applications
• U.S. ATA ETOPS Working Group and ETOPS ARAC
• JAA/EASA ETOPS/LROPS Working Group
• Australia (CAA), NZ (CAA) ETOPS proposals
• Current/Proposed new ETOPS regulations (2007 -
  Present)
• U.S. and Australia regulations published
  Similar requirements and application
• New Zealand NPRM similar to US and Australia
• Canadian Proposed regulations
• 2-engine proposal complete