Ch' 17 The Gilded Age: An Industrial Order Emerges, 18651880

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Ch. 17 The Gilded Age An Industrial Order
Emerges, 1865-1880

• Entrepreneur
• Protective tariff
• Economic cycle periods expansion, contraction,
  recession/depression
• Andrew Carnegie--steel and vertical integration
• Jay Gould--the railroads and pools

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Standard Oil cartoon with octupus
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Social Darwinism and the Gospel of Wealth

• Social Darwinism
• Andrew Carnegie The Gospel of Wealth and
  philanthropy
• Racism was a key component of social Darwinist
  ideology
• Robber baron
• laissez-faire

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Portrayal of Robber Barons of the Gilded Age
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Labor Organizing and Political Corruption of
Gilded Age

• Craft/Trade Union
• Prohibition
• Spoils System and the Tweed Ring
• Crédit Mobilier
• Grange Granger Laws

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1870s Political Debate Over Use of Silver Currency

• Increase of the money supply with silver dollars
  to provide financial relief.
• In 1873, Congress voted to stop buying and
  minting silver
• Crime of 73
• Bland-Allison Act of 1878

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Labor Unrest on Americas Railroads

• Great Railroad Strike of 1877
• After 8 days, federal troops were dispatched to
  subdue the Strike, which ended after three weeks.
• The Strike caused widespread panic in the nation.

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The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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Ch. 18 Becoming an Urban Industrial Society
1880-1890

• John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company Model
  for monopoly
• The trust (1882)
• Journalist Ida B. Tarbell--McClures Magazine
  (1902-1905)
• Horizontal Integration
• Monopoly

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From Competition to Consolidation

• Who was J. P. Morgan?
• Morgans management style focused on short-term
  profit.
• In 1898, Morgan moved into the steel industry,
  directly challenging Andrew Carnegie specialized
  in corporate consolidation.

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Organized Labor Knights of Labor and the
American Federation of Labor

• Knights of Laborfirst mass organization of
  Americas working class.
• In 1878, organization sought to organize workers
  regardless of skill, gender, race or nationality.
• Organization favored arbitration and boycotts.
• American Federation of Labor (Samuel Gompers)

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Haymarket Riot and Labor Radicalism

• Haymarket Riot--incited by radical socialists and
  anarchists
• Strike dateMay 1, 1886 in Chicago
• May 3--six protestors were killed by police
  outside McCormick Works.
• Rally organized on May 4 at Haymarket
  Squaredeath of 7 policemen and a few others.

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Haymarket Riot (1886)
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
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New Urban America Rise of the Cities

• Movement from rural areas to city attracts
  millions of immigrants.
• 1870srailroad and steamship aid in mobility of
  people and raw goods to cities.
• Changing European immigration pattern Before
  1880? northern and western Europe After
  1880?southern and eastern Europe.
• Immigrants left their homelands due to bad
  economic conditions, religious and political
  persecution, and to work.

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Immigrant entry into Ellis Island, New York Harbor
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Social Geography of the City

• Invention and usage of the electric
  streetcar/elevated rail line
• Urban poor resided close to their workplace
  residential segregation evident according to
  racial and class status.
• Jacob Riis, author of How the Other Half Lives.
• 1 of wealthy owned more than half the property
  in America.

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PHOTOGRAPHER JACOB RIIS CAPTURED IMAGES OF THE
CITY
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Five Cents Lodging, Bayard Street, c. 1889
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Jacob Riis
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Jacob Riis
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Family Economy Women and Children

• Domesticity Separate Sphere
• Racial minorities, immigrants and women were paid
  less in American labor market.
• Child labor increased steadily attempts to
  abolish such labor and reduce of working hours
  failed.
• Women employed in the work force domestic
  service (housekeepers) ? factory work ? office
  work.

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Presidential Politics in the Gilded Age

• Civil service reform
• Republicans nominated James A. Garfield and
  stalwart Chester A. Arthur as candidates in
  1880 presidential election.
• Assassination of President James A. Garfield
• Pendleton Civil Service Act
• Election of 1884

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The Railroads and the Federal Government

• Interstate Commerce Act (1887)-Federal regulation
  of railroads and trusts established ICC

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Womens Politics

• Ida B. Wells
• Temperance Movement
• American Woman Suffrage Association (1869)
• National Woman Suffrage Association--highlighted
  womens roles in politics (1869)
• Womens Crusade spotlighted the issue of
  temperance--formation of the Womans Christian
  Temperance Union in 1874