Clean Cities Overview

1
Clean Cities Overview

• Draft Presentation
• 9/1/06

2
US Energy Consumption
Source Annual Energy Outlook 2006, Energy
Information Administration.
3
US Energy by Sector
Source Annual Energy Outlook 2006, Energy
Information Administration.
4
US Oil Consumption
SourceTransportation Energy Data Book Edition
24, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for
Transportation Analysis, http//cta.ornl.gov/data
and Annual Energy Outlook 2005, Energy
Information Administration.
5
Origins and History

• Created by DOE to address requirements in Energy
  Policy Act of 1992
• Technical, financial, and information assistance
  to communities with alt fuel deployment plans and
  to regulated fleets

Clean Cities Mission To advance the national,
economic and energy security of the US by
supporting local decisions to use domestically
produced non-petroleum fuels in vehicles
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Clean Cities Coalitions

• Public-private partnerships at local, regional,
  or state level to speed implementation of
  advanced vehicles and alternative fuels
• 87 active coalitions

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Clean Cities Technologies

• Alternative fuels (as defined by EPAct)
• E85, CNG, biodiesel, propane, hydrogen,
  electricity
• Alternative fuel blends
• E10, B5, H-CNG
• Energy efficiency
• Hybrids, idle reduction, fuel economy

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Fuel Blends

• Low level blends of alternative fuel with
  conventional fuel
• E10, B2, B5, H/CNG, for example

Fuel Economy

• Techniques that reduce fuel consumption
• Selecting the right vehicle for the job
• Advanced technology low rolling resistance
  tires, HEVs, proper maintenance, tire inflation,
  carpooling

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Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)

• Hybrids use two sources of energy electricity
  (batteries) and conventional or alt fuel powered
  ICE

Idle Reduction

• Techniques include on-board APUs, shorepower,
  truck stop electrification, truss-mounted
  off-board heating/cooling units

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Alternative Fuels

• Ethanol
• Alcohol-based fuel produced from starch crops or
  cellulosic biomass such as trees and grasses
• High octane, often used to enhance octane
  properties of gasoline
• As an alternative fuel, most commonly used in a
  blend of 85 ethanol and 15 gasoline (E85).
• Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) and are offered by
  several vehicle manufacturers. See the ethanol
  vehicles page for more information on FFVs.
• CNG
• Widespread distribution infrastructure
• Clean burning in natural gas vehicles
• Most common in medium- and heavy-duty markets
• Stored onboard a vehicle as compressed natural
  gas (CNG) or as liquefied natural gas (LNG)
  Propane

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Alternative Fuels

• Biodiesel
• Manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or
  recycled restaurant greases
• Biodiesel is safe, biodegradable, and reduces
  serious air pollutants such as particulates,
  carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and air toxics
• Blends of 20 biodiesel with 80 petroleum diesel
  (B20) can generally be used in unmodified diesel
  engines
• Can be used in its pure form (B100), but it may
  require certain engine modifications
• Potential issues with operation in cold weather
• Propane (LPG)
• Produces fewer vehicle tailpipe emissions than
  gasoline
• Produced as a by-product of natural gas
  processing and crude oil refining
• Widespread infrastructure of pipelines,
  processing facilities, and storage

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Alternative Fuels

• Electricity
• Used to power battery electric vehicles
• Electric vehicle batteries have a limited storage
  capacity
• Batteries are replenished by plugging the vehicle
  into an electrical source, through engine
  operation on gasoline, or regenerative braking
• Hydrogen
• Emerging fuel for use in fuel cells engines for
  transportation
• Can be produced from a variety of processes that
  range from utilizing coal feedstock to biomass or
  renewables
• Demonstration projects ongoing in select areas
  across the US

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Clean Cities Unique Assets

• Coordinators
• Local champion and point of contact
• Strong local relationships and understanding of
  player and issues.
• Coalitions
• Members are committed to the mission
• Build bridges in the local community to mutually
  address barriers
• Technical Information and Resources
• AFDC recognized nationally and abroad as reliable
  sources of unbiased information
• 4.8 million page hits (FY2005)
• Over 76,000 documents being downloaded
• Local Strategy to Advance a National Goal
• Local involvement works effectively in
  communities
• National leadership adds legitimacy to local
  activities and assists with information transfer
  among coalitions.

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Clean Cities Organization

Natl Industry
US DOEEERE
Coalitions
NREL Technical Support
Coordinators
Local Industry
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Clean Cities Coordinators
Coordinators come from a wide variety
of organizations backgroundsleading to variety
in projects and activities
Teaching school children in UT
Workshops in IN
Highway signs and dealer outreach in MN
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Clean Cities Coordinators
Across all coalitions in 2005 Received over 70M
in project grants Leveraged over 20M in partner
funds
Fuel Type  Current Average
Fuel Type  Fuel Price
Compressed Natural Gas Retail 1.87 per GGE
Natural Gas (uncompressed) Wholesale 0.77 per therm
Propane 2.01 per gallon
Ethanol 2.78 per gallon
Biodiesel  (B20) 2.79 per gallon
E Diesel (7.7 ethanol by vol.) 1.20 per gallon(bulk deliveries)
Research and Analysis in KY
Local alt fuel price reports in CA
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How a Coordinator is Funded

• Stakeholder Dues 10
• DOE Grants 28
• Other Grants 22
• Volunteer Time 6
• Salary 34

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Clean Cities Stakeholders

• Coalitions are made up of local stakeholders in
  Clean Cities
• Nearly 4,000 local stakeholder members
• Private Stakeholders 51

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Clean Cities Technical Support

• Alternative Fuels Data Center
• Website with technical info on technologies
• Resource for coordinators and the public
• Program and technology analysis
• Program metrics
• Analysis of emerging technologies and issues
• Tiger Teams
• Technical experts to solve implementation
  problems
• Technical Response Service
• Knowledgeable resources for questions

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Clean Cities Financial Support
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Clean Cities Financial Support
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2005 Petroleum DisplacementClean Cities
Coalitions

• Technology Million GGEs of Total
• Alt. Fuel Vehicles 165 65.7
• Fuel Economy 65 25.9
• Idle Reduction 10 4.0
• Low-Level Blends 8 3.2
• Hybrid Vehicles 3 1.2
• Total 251 100
• Non-Vehicle Total 86
  34.3

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Clean Cities Resources
http//www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/
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Important Links

• DOE Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies
• www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels
• DOE EERE Information Center
• 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463)
• www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/informationcenter.
  html
• Stakeholder and Related Links
• www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/links.html