10th Annual Technologies for Critical Incident Preparedness Conference

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10th Annual Technologies for Critical Incident
Preparedness Conference Exposition
2008Personnel Location and Tracking Needs,
Requirements and TechnologiesDOD Perspectives
Paul Olson, Chief Engineer, Battle Command
DivisionCERDEC / C2D
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Why Position Navigation Timing (PNT) ?

• Traditional Role of position information is for
  own platform pilotage.
• Evolving Role of position information is as a
  shared resource creating Situation Awareness.
  Automated position reporting provides a common
  blue force deployment picture, adds context to
  modern digital battlefield systems to enhance

• Maneuver and Maneuver Control
• Logistics
• Intel Data Fusion
• Air Defense
• Fire Support
• Munitions Emplacement

• The accuracy and availability of position and
  motion information directly affects the future
  Armys C2 and Operational effectiveness.

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Urban - Areas of Operations
Subterranean
Shanty
Distribution Statement A (Approved for Public
Release, Distribution Unlimited)
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The Urban/Indoor GPS Problem

• GPS signals are available, but become highly
  degraded in urban and indoor environments
• Ordinary GPS technology performs poorly in urban
  areas, jungles, mountains, and caves
• Urban blockages and indoor weak signals are
  problems for GPS navigation and for receiver
  satellite tracking.

Blockage No Service
Multipath Position Error
GPS on its Own Cannot Provide a Reliable
Precision Navigation Solution
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Urban and Indoor PNT, a Shift in Requirements
Not Just a GPS Requirement Anymore, Rather, Its
a PNT Requirement We are seeing examples from our
troops and commanders, having expectations that a
PNT capability will follow them, wherever their
mission takes them.
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US Army User Requirements for PNT

• TRADOC PAM 525-66 Force Operating Capabilities
• FOC-03-01 Command and Control (6)
• FOC-05-01 Mounted/Dismounted Maneuver
• FOC-05-03 Operations in Urban and Complex
  Terrain
• FOC-06-01 NLOS Lethality (13) (e)
• Operational Requirements Documents
• Operational Requirements Documents for the Future
  Combat Systems (FCS)
• Land Warrior Capability Development Document
  (CDD) for Ground Soldier System, Block III

Objective requirements can be summed up as An
Affordable Precise PNT Capability for All
Environments/Conditions
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Alternative Technical Options to Improve PNT
Robustness

• Increase power from GPS satellites
• Signal processing improvements
• RF Aiding
• Beacons/Pseudolites at the GPS Frequency
• RF ranging/aiding systems (TOA, TDOA, RSS, SoOP)
• Network aided navigation
• Sensor aiding
• Inertial Navigation Systems
• Doppler Radar Sensor
• Visually Aided Navigation

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How Pos/Nav Sensors are Effected by Structures
and the Environment
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Advanced Pos/Nav and Tracking the Future Force
(APNTFF)

• 50-200 deg/hr gyro bias stability, 3mg accel bias
  stability 1s

12 channel, dual frequency SAASM receiver with
PR / DR outputs.
MEMS IMU Systron Donner MMQ50
GPS Rockwell Collins Modified GB-GRAM

• Time-of-Arrival (TOA)-based ranging in comms
  system, with ad-hoc networking capability.

Relative position accuracy 2-5 of distance
traveled.
Pedometry Honeywell DRM V
RF Ranging ITT SuoSAS
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APNTFF Prototype Demonstration System
SuoSAS Radio
Mesh/Pad system allows for comfort and weight
distribution
GPS Antenna
Houses nav processor, motherboard, power supply
and GB-GRAM
Tablet slides out
DRM/IMU mounted close to the body
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APNTFF - Mixed Course, Forward Walking
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Precision Positioning System (PPS) Future Force
Warrior (FFW)

• FFW Integration (Natick SSC / Draper Labs)
• PPS Included in FFW OTM and AAEF in 2007 /
  Upgrades in 2008
• Produces a robust and precise navigation solution
  for the Platoon and Squad Leader(s) and Grenadier
  to enable collaborative engagement within the
  Small Combat Unit
• Developed in conjunction with CERDEC C2D ATO
  Advanced Pos/Nav Tracking for the Future
  Force
• Focused on FFW Exit Criteria for Spiral 2
  Insertion
• lt3-5 Meters Horizontal and Vertical (Locate to a
  floor and room)
• Mission duration gt 1/2 hour Fully GPS Denied 24
  Hours with Intermittent GPS

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PPS Urban Canyon Test
Unaided C/A

• All three systems tied to a single GPS antenna
• Test Course
• 8 -10 Story Buildings Significant Satellite
  Blockage and Multipath
• Local Magnetic Field Distortions

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PPS Urban Canyon Test
Unaided C/A
Color coding gt 4 satellites blue 3
cyan 2 green 1 yellow 0 red

• All three systems tied to a single GPS antenna
• Test Course
• 8 -10 Story Buildings Significant Satellite
  Blockage and Multipath
• Local Magnetic Field Distortions

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Positioning and Navigationfor the Future Warrior
GPS Range/Range Rate
HSR GPS with AJ
Navigation Processing Modular/ Tailorable/ Reconfi
gurable Constrained Optimization Moding Filtering
Video/Map Registration
Display
Velocity/Angle (Dq, Dv)
IMU
X, Y, Z Velocities
Velocity Sensor(s)
Altitude
Altimeter
Heading/Dead Reckoning
Magnetic Compass
Ranging/Positioning, Time Net Assisted
Information
Comm/Network
Video
Video Camera
Maps, Elevation, Imagery and ???
Databases
???
Other Technologies
Highly likely that we find that one size doesnt
fit all Parts of other Warrior Systems (no
added costs, size or weight and minimal added
power)
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Personnel Location and Tracking Needs,
Requirements and TechnologiesDOD Perspectives

• Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT)
  information is enormously important to the
  Warfighter, the Commander, and hence to all
  Command and Control.
• Size, Weight, Power and Cost have been
  traditionally the performance limiting factors in
  PNT equipment and continue to be as we integrate
  on the Soldier.
• Areas for Concentration User Interfaces
  (Commanders and Soldiers) and the development
  of standardized metrics, instrumentation systems
  and test methodology for system evaluation
• CERDEC and associate DoD labs are undergoing
  efforts to overcome these limiting factors by
  employing
• Advanced MEMS IMUs
• Software GPS Receivers
• RF Ranging
• Datalinks to Assist GPS Performance
• Merging of Communication and Navigation Functions

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CERDECs Assured Pos/Nav Technology Program

• Purpose
• Develop affordable, reliable and accurate
  component and integration technology for Soldier
  and platforms position, orientation and movement
  information to support operations and training in
  urban and other complex environments.
• Products
• Technology to determine dismounted Soldiers own
  platform position and to track other unit members
  to 1m for operations in urban and other complex
  environments where GPS signal reception may be
  degraded.

• Payoff
• Enhanced Situational Awareness through highly
  accurate, continuously available positioning,
  velocity and timing information
• Enable Soldier based Cooperative Engagements
• Improved Dismounted Soldier Navigation