Behaviorism

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Behaviorism

• Diane Gornell
• Aimee Janusz
• Natalie Pate

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What Is Behaviorism?

• Focuses on observable and measurable aspects of
  human behavior.
• All behavior is learned.
• Behavior can also be unlearned and replaced by
  new behaviors.
• The desired response must be rewarded in order
  for learning to take place.

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Behaviorism AdvocatesJohn B. Watson (1878-1958)

• Influenced by Pavlovs classical conditioning
  model.
• Specific stimuli resulted in certain human
  behavioral responses (stimulus-response model).
• Made conclusions about human development by
  observing overt behavior.

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Behaviorism AdvocatesB.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

• Known for the operant conditioning model.
• Things we call pleasant have an energizing or
  strengthening effect on our behavior. (Skinner,
  1972)
• Humans and animals repeat pleasurable acts and
  stop unpleasant ones.

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Behaviorism LearningModeling

• Modeling is observational learning.
• Child sees a behavior and attempts to reproduce
  that behavior.
• Children acquire favorable and unfavorable
  behavior through modeling.
• Teachers can use modeling to demonstrate correct
  behavior and encourage children to learn from
  observation.

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Behaviorism LearningShaping

• Shaping changes a given response over time.
• Desired target behavior is segmented into
  smaller, positive steps.
• Each progression toward the desired behavior is
  rewarded with a positive reinforcer.
• Behavior is gradually changed from
• negative to positive.

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Behaviorism LearningCueing

• Cueing uses verbal or non-verbal responses to
  make someone aware if their behavior is
  appropriate or inappropriate.
• Teachers can discuss the use of a cue immediately
  before the desired action is expected to help
  student recall correct behavior.

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Classroom ManagementReinforcement

• Reinforcement Anything that increases the
  desired behavior.
• Positive Reinforcement Something is added to
  increase desired behavior.
• Negative Reinforcement Something is removed to
  increase desired behavior.

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Classroom ManagementPunishment

• Punishment Anything that decreases the undesired
  behavior.
• Positive Punishment Something is added to
  decrease undesired behavior.
• Negative Punishment Something is removed to
  decrease undesired behavior.

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Classroom ManagementContracts

• Contract Agreement between student and teacher
  that focuses on behavioral change.
• Relevant behavior identified.
• Student and teacher decide terms of the contract
  together.
• Ensure contract is being fulfilled.

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Classroom ManagementExtinction

• Extinction Removal of previously reinforcing
  stimulus to decrease undesired behavior.

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References

• Content
• Standridge, M.. (2002). Behaviorism. In M. Orey
  (Ed.), Emerging perspectives on learning,
  teaching, and technology. Retrieved October 31,
  2007, from http//projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/
• Images
• What is Behaviorism? http//ipt.byu.edu/wiki/692
  /Group4F04/Behaviorism
• John B. Watson http//www.nndb.com/people/078/000
  030985/
• B.F. Skinner http//www.nndb.com/people/297/00002
  2231/
• Clipart http//office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart
  /default.aspx