Most Familiar Plants

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Most Familiar Plants

• Spermatophytes Seed Plants

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SEED-BEARING PLANTS (Spermatophytes)

• Four Phyla of Kingdom Plantae
• Phylum Anthophyta flowering plants
• Phylum Coniferophyta conifers
• Phylum Ginkgophyta ginkgos
• Phylum Cycadophyta cycads

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Seeds

• Advantages
• Contains multicellular embryo, ready to grow.
• Contains food supply to nourish germinating young
  plant.
• Seed coat
• resistant to drying, heat, freezing, acids, etc.
• seeds can remain dormant until conditions
  favorable

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Seeds

• Disadvantage
• Large, expensive to produce
• energy, matter
• Seed plant can only make 100s per season
• (Spore-dispersed plants can make millions of
  spores.)

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Phylum Anthophyta

• flowering plants

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Phylum Anthophyta, flowering plants

• Flowers
• sporophylls sepals, petals, stamens, carpel
• Anther on stamen produces microspores (meiosis)?
  male gametophytes pollen grains
• Ovule in ovary in carpel produces megaspore(s)?
  female gametophyte "embryo sac" in ovule

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Phylum Anthophyta, flowering plants

• Double fertilization
• Zygote endosperm tissue of embryo.
• Text Figure 25-10
• Female gametophyte completely enclosed in ovary
• angiosperm
• Anthophyta also called Angiospermae

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Phylum Anthophyta, flowering plants

• Fruit developed from ovary.
• Embryo completely enclosed in fruit
• Seed coat develops from ovule (mother sporophyte)
  

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Reasons for Success ofFlowering Plants
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Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants

• ? Vascular tissue (xylem, phloem),
• as in other vascular plants.
• ? Seeds, as in other seed plants.
• Flowers
• Ovary safe enclosure for embryo
• Petals ( sepals) attract pollinators
• also nectar odors
• But, many are wind pollinated

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Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants

• Fruits, adaptations for seed dispersal
• Dehiscence (pods, follicles, capsules, etc.)
• Dry and burst scattering seeds.

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Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants

• Fruits, adaptations for seed dispersal
• Sweet, fleshy fruits (pome, drupe, berry,
  aggregate)
• Animal dispersal (mammals, birds, reptiles, some
  fish)
• Nuts
• Planted by squirrels, etc.

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Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants

• Fruits, adaptations for seed dispersal
• Wind and Water dispersal
• Achenes with parachutes, samaras
• Cling to fur, feathers
• Hooks, barbs, glue

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Phylum Anthophyta

• Class Dicots
• abbreviation of Dicotyledonae

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Phylum Anthophyta

• Class Monocots
• abbreviation of Monocotyledonae

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Orders of DicotsOrders of Monocots

• http//facstaff.gpc.edu/apennima/Diversity/classi
  fication.htm