Growth

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Growth Development
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The Grass Plant

• Germination and Seed Development
• Leaf Formation
• Turfgrass Stems
• Tillering
• Turfgrass Roots
• Inflorescence
• Seasonal Growth Variation
• Bioenergetics and Metabolism

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Germination and Seedling Development

• Florets
• Caryopsis
• Lemma
• Palea, Rachilla
• Seed-located within the caryopsis
• Within seed
• Aleurone layer blow seed coat
• Endosperm
• Embryo

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Germination Process

• Water imbibition
• Bichemical and morphological events
• Series of hydrolytic enzymes
• Breakdown of starch and proteins to simple
  carbohydrates and amino acids
• Enzymes produced in aleurone layer in response to
  hormones (Gibberellic Acid)
• Soluble materials from endosperm absorbed by the
  scutellum then transferred to embryo

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Germination and Growth

• Emergence of primary root
• Emergence of coleoptile
• Emergence of additional seminal roots
• Root branching
• Emergence of first leaf

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Growth and Development

• Leaf emergence/growth through coleptile
• Growing point enclosed within coleoptile
• Second leaf grows through coleoptile
• Coleptile withers away
• New leaves emerge from growing point
• Adventitious roots are developed from nodes at
  base of new shoots

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Leaf Formation

• Growing point
• Apical meristem
• Leaf primordium (intercalary meristems)

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Turfgrass Stems

• Crown
• Flowering culm
• Lateral stems
• Rhizomes
• Stolons

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Turfgrass Roots

• Primary root
• Adventitious roots
• Formed after first and second leaf develops
• Formed on lower nodes of crown, rhizomes and
  stolons

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Inflorescence

• Flowering portion of the grass shoot

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Seasonal Growth Variation
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Bioenergetics Metabolism

• Biochemistry
• Carfbohydrates
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
• Lipids

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Bioenergetics Metabolism

• Photosynthesis
• 6CO2 6H2O ? C6H12O6 6H2O 6O2
• Respiration
• C6H12O6 6H2O 6O2 ? 6CO2 12H2O Energy

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