Lab 4 Kingdom PlantaeVascular Seedless Plants

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Lab 4 Kingdom PlantaeVascular Seedless Plants

• Principles of Biology II Laboratory
• BSC 1011L
• Professor Pamela L. Pannozzo

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Classification

• Non-vascular plants
• Vascular plants
• Seedless Pteridophytes
• Phylum Pterophyta (ferns)
• Phylum Lycophyta (club mosses)
• Phylum Spenophyta (horsetails)
• Phylum Psilophyta (psilophytes)
• Seeds Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
• Gymnosperms (unprotected seeds)
• Angiosperms (protected seeds)

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Seedless Vascular Plants

• Ferns, horsetails, club mosses
• Less water-dependent than bryophytes
• Vascular tissue
• Tube-like elongated cells transport water and
  sugars
• Alternation of generations
• Sporophyte larger than gametophyte
• Leaves protect reproductive cells, large body size

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Seedless Vascular Plants

• Phylum Psilophytawhisk ferns
• Phylum Lycophytaclub mosses
• Phylum Sphenophytahorsetails
• Phylum Pterophyta--ferns

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Phylum Psilophyta

• Tropical
• Branching stems with scale-like outgrowths (no
  leaves, no roots)
• Rhizomes
• Epiphytes or symbiosis with fungi
• Reproduction
• Asexual Sporophyte releases spores
• Sexual Gametophyte under ground 2 mm long,
  fertilization inside archegonium

• Psilotum

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Psilotum stem x.s.
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Phylum Lycophyta
Lycopodium

• Forest floor or on tree branches
• Roots
• Leaf-like microphylls
• Symbiosis with fungi
• Reproduction
• Asexual fragmentation
• Sexual spores produce bisexual gametophytes
  (Selaginellaunisexual) gametophyte underground

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Phylum Lycophyta

• Selaginella

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Lycopodium stem c.s.
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Strobilus longitudinal section
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Lycopodium

• Lycopodium strobilus

• Lycopodium strobilus l.s.

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Selaginella strobilus l.s.
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Lycopodium rhizome c.s.
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Lycopodium stem c.s.
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Selaginella strobilus l.s.
megaspores
microspores
megasporangium
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Phylum Sphenophyta

• Equisetum

• Stream banks, marshes
• Whorled leaves and branches, hollow stems
• Reproduction
• Asexual Fragmentation and rhizome extension
• Sexual small short-lived gametophytes produce
  antheridia and archegonia

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Equisetum strobilus
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Equisetum strobilus l.s.
sporangium
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Phylum Pterophyta

• Ferns
• Over 10,000 species
• Evolved 200 million years before flowering plants
• Sporophyte
• Roots, leaves, stems
• Spores produced in sporangia (sori)
• Main stem under ground (rhizome)

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Phylum Pterophyta

• Crytomium

• 12,000 species
• Large leavesfronds
• Clustered sporangia called sori
• Reproduction
• Asexual sporangia release spores
• Sexual dominant form gametophytes release
  gametes

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Pterophyta leaf with sori
sporangia
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Pterophyta gametophyte prothallus
archegonia
antheridia
rhizoids
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Fern prothallus archegonia
Fern prothallus antheridia
Fern sperm cell
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Fern young sporophyte
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Fern rhizome c.s.
xylem
Vascular bundles
phloem