The Intelligent Optical Internet Managing Bandwidth

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The Intelligent Optical InternetManaging
Bandwidth Creating New Services

• Tad Hofmeister
• Ciena Core Switching Division
• Cupertino, CA
• tad_at_ciena.com

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Outline

• SONETs roots
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
• Core Optical Switch
• Distributed network intelligence

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Early 1980s

• ATT was dominant telephone company in US, for
  both local and IXC
• T-3 (45Mbps) and above line rates proprietary
• Businesses demanding T-1 and above private line
  service

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Mid 1980s

• 1984 Divestiture break-up of ATT
• MCI others proposed multi-vendor fiber optic
  transmission standard
• 1985 Bellcore proposes SONET concept
• 1988 SONET/SDH become international standard

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Synchronous Optical Network
Add-drop multiplexor ADM
Digital Access Cross-connect System (DACS)
Bi-directional, linear switched ring (BLSR)
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Transport NetworkBirds Eye View
Inter-City Long Haul
Metropolitan/Regional
Access
Core
Distribution
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Long-Haul Fiber-Optic Networks, Circa 1995
Regenerator

35 km
long haul route using conventional regenerators
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EDFA Only 13 Years Old!
amplified spontaneous emissions
amplified spontaneous emissions
1550 nm band signal input
1550 nm band signal output
Erbium doped fiber
pump signal output
pump signal input (1480nm or 980nm)
Spectrum of a typical EDFA
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Long-Haul Fiber Networks - 1996 Today
1
1
2
2
3
3
15 - 30 dB
4
4

• 3 amplifiers

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5
6
6
7
7
8
8
7
35 km
N
N
Up to 10,000 km

• WDM Optical amp Multichannel Optical
  Regenerator

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Tb/s Links
12 Tb/s
8 Tb/s
Capacity of a single fiber No new physics
required
C L S Band
12.5 GHz spacing
4 Tb/s
2001
2000
25 GHz spacing
2 Tb/s
C L Band 200 ch.
16 Tb/s
8 Tb/s
4 Tb/s
1 Tb/s
40Gb channels
80Gb channels
Spectrally Efficient Modulation
480 Gb/s
50 GHz spacing 100 ch.
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Optical Networking is Keeping Up!


OC768
OC192
OC48
Capacity
OC12
Time
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Industry Dynamics
Network Scalability
Exponential Traffic Growth
Operational Scalability
Service Delivery
Increased Competition
Lowest Cost Basis
Continuous Technology Change
Service Flexibility
Adaptability
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Core NetworkInnovation Disconnect
Demand has led to...
DWDM, alleviating fiberexhaust, but...
WDM
WDM

Legacy SONET/SDHsystems have not kept pace...
And demandcontinues...
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
WDM

ADM
Creating a space, power,operations and cost
Crunch
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
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Current Networks Wont Scale...

• Space, Power and Cost 1 Wavelength per Chassis

• Selecting right Ring Days to plan, groom

• Inter-connecting Rings

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Operations Are Manually Intensive
IP
ATM/FR
Typical transport network with DACS, ADM, WDM
Circuit

• Planning Provisioning Complexity
• Grooming Complexity
• Long Service Delivery Interval Measured in
  Weeks

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Operations Expenses are Growing
Carrier 1 Operations costs growing 4x faster
than revenue
Source SEC Filings. 1999 estimate is based on
projection from actual 1H 99 figures.
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and Growing...
Carrier 2 Operations costs growing 7x faster
than revenue
Source SEC Filings. 1999 estimate is based on
projection from actual 1H 99 figures.
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Buy your Bandwidth Here!
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Technology and Market Forces

• Bandwidth demand remains insatiable
• OpEx expenditures beginning to dominate costs
• Routers displacing SONET/SDH multiplexers
• SONET/SDH evolving into interface standards
• GbE 10GbE poised to displace SONET as a global
  Access standard
• Velocity of service delivery is a key for future

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Transform Legacy Networks...
Increasing EquipmentIncreasing
ComplexityIncreasing Cost
Core
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...To The New Intelligent Networks
Less EquipmentLess ComplexityLess Cost
Core
Distribution
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Core Director Optical Switch
ATM / F-R
IP
Broadband P.L.

• Dramatic Cost/Port Savings
• Density 640 Gbps in 1 Bay
• 256 x OC-48 or 64 x OC-192 or 16 x OC-768
• Scalability To 48 Tbps
• No forklift upgrades required
• Network Savings Eliminate ADM, DACS OXC
• Interfaces OC-3 to OC-768
• Switching STS-1 to STS-768/c
• Groom Wavelengths and SONET
• Optically opaque with forward compatibility for
  transparency

WDM
WDM
Open WDMCompatible
WDM
WDM
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CIENA CoreDirectorIntelligent Optical Switches

• Routes switches optical capacity
• Concatenated (to OC-192c)
• Channelized (to STS-1)
• Highly intelligent
• Discovers network topology state
• Manages capacity end-to-end
• Supports a range of service classes
• Line-level protection ring linear
• Path-level mesh protection
• Per-circuit priority preemption

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CoreDirector AdvantagesDevelopment Status

• Over seven trials in US and Europe
• Release 1.0
• Limited Availability since YE99
• General Availability Today
• Carrier-class test validation on real hardware
  software

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Networking Intelligence

• Optical Signaling Routing provides topology
  discovery, end-to-end routing, and traffic
  engineering
• Enables rapid provisioning end-to-end mesh
  restoration

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Enabling New Services

• Rapid bandwidth delivery
• Bring in revenue faster
• Use speed as competitive advantage
• Differentiable service qualities
• Maximize network profitability based on customer
  needs willingness to pay
• End-to-end management control
• Build customer loyalty with Customer Network
  Management and Service Level Agreement maintenance

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Intelligent Optical Services
Customer bought PlatinumRing-Protected 2.5G
link from City A to City B
Carrier OSS
1
3
Ingress
Egress
2
Computing best route which is Ring
Protectedmaking cross-connects.
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Intelligent Optical Services
ISP bought Economy Mesh-Protected2.5G link.
Use extra trafficbandwidth where available.
Carrier OSS
1
3
Ingress
Egress
2
Computing best route with available Mesh
Protection. Using Protect Bandwidth on Rings
where possible.
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Drive a New Architecture

• Architecture to Create Dynamic Optical Transport
  Services
• Any Time
• Any Size
• Any Priority
• Examples
• 5 Gbps Friday from 9PM to 11 PM with 50ms
  protection
• 100 Mbps continuous with 1 second restore lt1
  minute of outage per year
• Optical Dialtone
• Universal interface to network services

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Enabler is a Hybrid OEO/OOO switch
TSR
Collector Networks
Private Lines
Long Reach ? Optics
Electronic Fabric
TSR
Short Reach Interface
Private Lines
GSR
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and its Not Strictly All-Optical

• Scalability is the issue with AONs
• They dont scale well
• Broadcast connections lt wavelengths
• Wavelength routed connections lt wavelengths2
• Wavelength selective switches and Wavelength
  changers are needed for a scalable network

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But We Can Still Do a Lot...

• Long-haul connections (All-Optical)
• 100, 10G channels at 10,000 kms
• All-optical add/drops
• Optical protection switching
• Fiber restoration
• Restore at the highest level of multiplexing
• All-optical local/metropolitan Area networks and
  long-haul networks
• Seas (islands) of transparency

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All-Optical Networking
AON-1
AON-2
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• Imagine how the world will be different when...

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Bandwidth is Available

• Any Time
• Any Size
• Any Priority

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Optical Bandwidth of Any Size VSR Optics
(Very Short Reach)
Serial to Parallel Conversion enables
significant cost reduction in the central office
for 10Gbps and higher rates
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Optical Bandwidth of Any Size VSR Optics
(Very Short Reach)
Initially Applicable to 10Gbps Intra-office Links
40G IP Router
Point to Point DWDM
FUTURE
Core Director Switch
Core Stream DWDM
VSR
10G IP Router
VSR
VSR
10G ADM
10G IP Router
Metro WDM
Ring DWDM
VSR
10G ADM
10G VSR Interface Deliverable in Q3-2000
High-speed interconnection of equipment
(lt400meters)
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Optical Bandwidth of Any Size Wavelength
Binding - Static Configuration
Multiple wavelengths "logically" bundledinto one
concatenated bitstream
High-speedintra-office link

• Binds arbitrary numbers of wavelengths together
• to form a Single Virtual Wavelength
• End Devices sees only a Single High Speed
  Connection
• Migrate to 40, 80, 120 Gbps with ease

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Optical Bandwidth of Any Size Wavelength
Binding - Dynamic Reconfiguration
700pm
300pm
900am
INTERNET BANDWIDTH DEMANDS
Time
More wavelengths are allocatedas demand increases
As demand falls, excess capacitycan be allocated
to other applications
Small number of wavelengths used in low
utilization periods

• Most efficient use of existing optical bandwidth
  inventory for time-based or on-demand routing -
  allows for ? Bursting
• De-couple the Service Bandwidth from the
  Infrastructure Bandwidth and build a least-cost
  transport network

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Optical Bandwidth of Any Size Flexible
Concatenation
BW In
BW during Transport
Software Defined OC-7
Software Defined OC-3/STM-1

• Enables nonstandard SONET/SDH multiplexing
  schemes
• OC-N services or STM-N (arbitrary N) defined in
  software
• Example ISP requesting an OC-9/STM-3 worth of
  bandwidth
• Totally eliminates need for SONET/SDH span
  grooming
• No extra grooming cards required - auto
  grooming in software
• Allows random access to bandwidth (any timeslots
  within a frame)

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Optical Bandwidth of Any Size Transparent
Service Multiplexing
What the Carrier sees Economical transport of
low speed signals over a high speed channel
2.5G Channel
Physical Link
DWDM
DWDM
What their Customer sees Looks like Im
running on my own dedicated transparent
wavelength ...but at lower prices
Logical Link

• Reduce the cost of transporting Transparent
  Services to end users
• Transparently combine multiple low speed signals
  on a single high speed wavelength - while passing
  the overhead and DCC! (SONET SDH cant do it)
• Each end device appears to communicate over its
  own unique wavelength while actually being
  economically consolidated with other signals

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Optical Bandwidth of Any Size Breaking the
SONET/SDH Barriers
Wavelength Binding TSM
Flexible Concatenation

• Breaking the barrier above
• Wavelength Binding Transparent Service
  Multiplexing
• creating virtual large pipes from multiple
  wavelengths and creating virtual transparent
  wavelengths out of a single wavelength
• Breaking the barrier below
• Flexible Concatenation -
• random access to any timeslot in a SONET/SDH
  frame
• Its all about De-coupling the Service Bandwidth
• from the Infrastructure Bandwidth

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Optical Bandwidth Any Time Real-Time
Provisioning, User-Signaled Capacity

• Real-Time Provisioning
• Point Click the Input Output - auto circuit
  routing and setup
• User-Signaled Capacity
• Optical dialtone for the intelligent network
• User device requests required bandwidth
• network replies with availability and
  connection
• User Network Interfaces being developed now
• OIF, IETF

SLA - Service Level Agreement
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The Emerging Intelligent Optical NetworkBusiness
Driver The Internet Data Growth

• Customer Reality
• Variety of applications
• (many new/innovative)
• Content can/will fill the pipe
• Multiple service qualities
• Platinum, Gold.. Bronze
• Predictability??

• Network Response
• On-demand capacity
• Range of bandwidths
• above below SONET/SDH
• Per-customer/circuit priorities
• Tools for customer control!

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Summary

• Optical networking is the Lifeblood of the
  internet
• Cant build it without us
• Clear paths to 10s Tb/s per fiber
• Seas of All-Optical connectivity
• No more than three hops to anywhere
• A new class of intelligent optical network
  services
• Any Time, Any Size, Any Priority
• Decouple Service Bandwidth from Infrastructure
  Bandwidth
• Were just getting started!