HIST 112 Lecture 34

1
HIST 112Lecture 34

• Nationalisms in conflict
• The Balkans

2
The Balkans and theOttoman Empire

• Greater Serbia in the Middle Ages
• Ottomans win Battle of Kosovo, 1389
• Serbia regains independence in 1878
• Austro-Hungarian annexes Bosnia in 1908
• Serbia appeals for Russian support
• Balkan Wars of 1912-1913
• Serbia reconquers Kosovo and other areas
• nation of Albania created

3
WWI and the Balkans

• many different nationalisms
• Bosnian (anti-A-H)
• Serbian (pro-Russian Orthodox)
• Croatian and Slovinian (pro-A-H Catholic)
• advocates of a Yugoslav federalism
• Yugoslavia created in 1917
• Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia,
  Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia included
• Albania excluded

4
The rise and fall of Yugoslavia

• WWII German occupation of the Balkans
• atrocities against Serbs
• Josip Tito proclaims communist Y. govt in 1943
• Kosovo declared an autonomous province in 1974
• Tito died in 1980
• Yugoslavian nationalism challenged by
  ethnically-based nationalisms
• various independence movements begin
• only Serbia and Montenegro are left in the Y.
  union

5
The Serbian/Bosnian conflict

• Slobodan Miloevi? is pres. of Serbia from 1987
• Bosnia attempted to declare independence in 1992
• Serbia invaded to claim areas populated by Serbs
• ethnic cleansing of Muslims and Croats
• UN authorises NATO to attack Serb forces, 1994
• Miloevi? agrees to allow UN force to guard
  Serbian/Bosnian border

6
The Serbian/Kosovo conflict

• Serbia revoked Kosovos autonomy in 1989
• The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) begins guerilla
  operations against Serb police
• Serbian referendum of 1998 rejects mediation by
  UN
• attacks on ethnic Albanians in Kosovo intensify
• UN authorises NATO airstrikes against Serbia
• Kosovo Albanians sign peace deal in 1999
• NATO renews airstrikes without UN authorisation

7
Impact on Macedonia

• M. constitution favours the dominant Slavic,
  Orthodox culture
• ethnic Albanians in Macedonia demand equal rights
• The National Liberation Army
• Greater Albania