Evolution and History of Programming Languages SoftwareHardwareSystem

1
Evolution and History of Programming
LanguagesSoftware/Hardware/System
2
Software Programming Language
3
History Timeline
4
The Evolution of Programming Languages

• To build programs, people use languages that are
  similar to human language. The results are
  translated into machine code, which computers
  understand.
• Programming languages fall into three broad
  categories

• Machine languages
• Assembly languages
• Higher-level languages

5
The Evolution of Programming Languages - Machine
Languages

• Machine languages (first-generation languages)
  are the most basic type of computer languages,
  consisting of strings of numbers the computer's
  hardware can use.
• Different types of hardware use different machine
  code. For example, IBM computers use different
  machine language than Apple computers.

6
The Evolution of Programming Languages - Assembly
Languages

• Assembly languages (second-generation languages)
  are only somewhat easier to work with than
  machine languages.
• To create programs in assembly language,
  developers use cryptic English-like phrases to
  represent strings of numbers.
• The code is then translated into object code,
  using a translator called an assembler.

7
(No Transcript)
8
The Evolution of Programming Languages -
Higher-Level Languages

• Higher-level languages are more powerful than
  assembly language and allow the programmer to
  work in a more English-like environment.
• Higher-level programming languages are divided
  into three "generations," each more powerful than
  the last

• Third-generation languages
• Fourth-generation languages
• Fifth-generation languages

9
Higher-Level Languages - Third-Generation
Languages

• Third-generation languages (3GLs) are the first
  to use true English-like phrasing, making them
  easier to use than previous languages.
• 3GLs are portable, meaning the object code
  created for one type of system can be translated
  for use on a different type of system.
• The following languages are 3GLs

FORTAN C COBOL C BASIC Java Pascal Activ
eX
10
A Typical C Program Development Environment

• 1. Edit
• 2. Preprocess
• 3. Compile
• 4. Link
• 5. Load
• 6. Execute

11
Higher-Level Languages - Fourth-Generation
Languages

• Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) are even
  easier to use than 3GLs.
• 4GLs may use a text-based environment (like a
  3GL) or may allow the programmer to work in a
  visual environment, using graphical tools.
• The following languages are 4GLs

Visual Basic (VB) VisualAge Authoring
environments
12
Higher-Level Languages - Fifth-Generation
Languages

• Fifth-generation languages (5GLs) are an issue of
  debate in the programming community some
  programmers cannot agree that they even exist.
• These high-level languages would use artificial
  intelligence to create software, making 5GLs
  extremely difficult to develop.
• Solve problems using constraints rather than
  algorithms, used in Artificial Intelligence
• Prolog

13
Summary
14
Hardware Description Language

• HDL

15
HDL

• What and why HDL??

16
Hardware Description Language (HDL)

• Basic idea is a programming language to describe
  hardware
• Initial purpose was to allow abstract design and
  simulation
• Design could be verified then implemented in
  hardware
• Now Synthesis tools allow direct implementation
  from HDL code.
• Large improvement in designer productivity

17
HDL

• HDL allows write-run-debug cycle for hardware
  development.
• Similar to programming software
• Much, much faster than design-implement-debug
• Combined with modern Field Programmable Gate
  Array chips large complex circuits (gt100000s of
  gates) can be implemented.

18
HDLs

• There are many different HDLs
• Verilog HDL
• ABEL
• VHDL
• VHDL is the most common
• Large standard developed by US DoD
• VHDL VHSIC HDL
• VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuit
• Verilog HDL is second most common
• Easier to use in many ways better for teaching
• C - like syntax

19
Verilog HDL

• Verilog constructs are use defined keywords
• Examples and, or, wire, input output
• One important construct is the module
• Modules have inputs and outputs
• Modules can be built up of Verilog primatives or
  of user defined submodules.

20
Example Simple Circuit HDL
module smpl_circuit(A,B,C,x,y) input A,B,C
output x,y wire e and g1(e,A,B) not
g2(y, C) or g3(x,e,y) endmodule
21
HDL Summary

• Hardware Description Languages allow fast design
  and verification of digital circuits.
• Accurate simulation and testing requires delays
  and inputs to be specified.
• There are three different levels of abstraction
  for modelling circuits.

22
System Design Language

• Hardware and Software
• Co-design

23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
Traditional Design Flow
26
27
HW/SW Codesign Flow

• Concurrent design between hardware and software
  using
• Co-simulation
• Co-synthesis

27
28
Codesign Language

• Hardware Description Language (HDL)

• Software Description Language (SDL)
• People know C, so how about languages built on
  C/C?
• SystemC
• SpecC
• Handel-C

Has no tool support. Only useful for influencing
other languages.
Lacks CAD tool support
Proprietary Not universally available
29
SystemC History
VSIA SLD Data Types Spec (draft)
Synopsys ATG
Synopsys Fridge
30
SystemC Highlights

• Features as a codesign language

• Modules
• Processes
• Ports
• Signals
• Rich set of port and signal types
• Rich set of data types

• Clocks
• Cycle-based simulation
• Multiple abstraction levels
• Communication protocols
• Debugging support
• Waveform tracing

31
Current System Design Methodology
C/C System Level Model

• Problems
• Errors in manual conversion from C to HDL
• Disconnect between system model and HDL model
• Multiple system tests