Bacteria

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Bacteria
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Compare Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells

• Prokaryotic Cells
• mostly unicellular organisms
• No membrane organelles, no nucleus
• Smaller than eukaryotes
• Kingdoms Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria

• Eukaryotic Cells
• Unicellular and multicellular organisms
• Membrane organelles, has a nucleus
• Cells larger than prokaryotes
• Kingdoms Protista
• Plantae
• Animalia
• Fungi

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Archaebacteria

• Live in extreme environments
• Chemosynthetic

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Examples of Archaebacteria

• 1. Methanogens
• 2. Extreme Halophiles
• 3. Thermoacidophiles

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Methanogens

• Methanogens- convert hydrogen and carbon dioxide
  into methane gas
• Anaerobic (doesnt require oxygen)
• Chemosynthetic
• Found in swamps, sewage plants, intestinal tract
  of humans and cows
• Reproduction - asexual,
• binary fission

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Extreme Halophiles

• Chemosynthetic use salt to make ATP
• Habitat- extremely salty environment

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SALTY
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Thermoacidophiles

• Live in acidic environment
• high temperatures 110 degrees centigrade
• pH less than 2

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HOT
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EUBACTERIA

• Found everywhere
• Reproduction asexual binary fission
• Reproduction sexual - conjugation
• Cell walls made of peptidoglycan

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Shapes of Bacteria

• Cocci-spherical shape

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Rod shaped - bacilli
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SPIRILLA- spiral shaped bacteria
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Arrangement of Bacteria

• Staphylo in grape-like clusters
• ex staphylococcus
• Strepto in chains
• ex streptococcus
• Diplo in 2
• ex diplobacillus

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Reproduction

• Asexual Reproduction
• One parent produces one or more identical
  offspring without fusion of gametes
• - binary fission- bacteria
• copies its chromosomes(1),
• the cell grows, splits and is
• genetically identical

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Reproduction

• Sexual Reproduction
• - conjugation one bacteria transfers all or
  part of its chromosomes to another cell through a
  pilus (p. 490)