MOVIES

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MOVIES
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History of Cinematography

• Thomas Edison- inventor of motion pictures
• William Dickson- invented picture camera (1888)
• Persistence of Vision- eye retains image for
  fraction of a second
• Lumiere brothers- brought projection to movies
  and opened the first movie house in Paris in 1895
• Adding Sound- first movie with sound was the
  dancing men in 1896, followed by The Jazz
  Singer of Warner Brothers 1927
• By 1930- 9,000 movie houses were equipped with
  sound nation-wide and color pictures were made
  available

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Early Movie House
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Crises That Reshaped Hollywood

• Hollywood 10- in 1947, 47 screenwriters,
  directors, and actors were summoned to answer
  questions about communist influence in Hollywood
• 10 witnesses refused to answer and was one of the
  largest manifestations of McCarthyism
• Vertical Integration- controlling the product
  from inception to consumption started Adolph
  Zukor
• Court Bans on Vertical Integration- U.S. Justice
  Department began litigation against VI in 1948
  this shook the whole economic structure on which
  Hollywood was based

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Movies and Television

• Continuous battle between the movie and
  television industries
• ¾ of movie industrys production today is for TV
• Ex. HBO
• Movie-makers were loosing audiences and so
  resorted to high-budget motion pictures called
  spectaculars (1950s)
• CinemaScope image was 2.5 times wider
• By 1985, 59 of ticket sales went to people
  between the ages of 12 and 24, which means movies
  were being produced for a younger crowd, however,
  large box-office hits crossover audiences

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Movie Finances

• Many movies are financed by major studios w/
  profits from their earlier movies
• Most movies originate with independent producers
• Get profits from major studios
• Representatives are sent to shooting site
• Investor groups
• Groups put together to fund movies for major
  studios
• Ex. Silver Screen Partners helped Disney in
  1980s
• Banks studios get loans

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Movie Censorship

• Morality
• Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of
  America 1922 Hollywood attempt to establish
  moral code for movies.
• Motion Picture Production Code 1930 Hollywood
  attempt to quiet critical moralists (no harsh
  language, nothing sexual, and no bad guys going
  unpunished)
• Legion of Decency Church listing of acceptable
  movies organized by U.S bishops (1934)

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• Classification and Rating Administration Board
  1968
• No movies banned and no fines
• Board of movie producers, distributors,
  importers, and exhibitors
• Categories G, PG, PG-13, R, NC-17
• Violence in movies marketed towards children-
  controversial
• Sony acknowledged that it had included children
  as young as 9 in their focus group fro R-rated
  movies.
• Congress told movie companies to clean up their
  acts or they would face government regulation
  they said they would
• Motion Picture Association of America
• http//www.mpaa.org/home.htm

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Movie Reviews

• Somewhat Reliable
• Number of tickets sold
• Single weekend success
• Number of screens
• Trailers
• www.movies.net

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Movie Criticism

• Critics
• Produce helpful reviews and commentaries
• Cut through hype and dazzle
• Best Sources
• New Yorker magazine
• New York Times

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Top Earning Movies for October 28, 2001

• K-PAX 4,380,000
• 3 day total gross 17,220,000
• Thirteen Ghosts 3,910,000
• 3 day total gross 15,170,000
• From Hell 1,630,000
• 10 day total gross 20,700,000
• Source www.the-numbers.com

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Top Earning Movies of All Time

• Titanic
• 600. 8 million
• Star Wars
• 460.9 million
• Star Wars- The Phantom Menace
• 418.5 million
• E.T.
• 399.9 million
• Jurassic Park
• 357.1 million

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The Future of Movies

• 2000 season no blockbusters
• Exhibition has shrunk dramatically
• Peak attendance 1946 at 90 million
• 1950 dropped to 60 million, then 46 million in
  1955
• Today only about 19 million people go to the
  movies per week
• Studios can survive
• Into records, video products, merchandise tie-ins
  (toys, soundtracks, product placements) and news

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People in the Movie Industry

• Robert Flaherty- made the first documentary in
  1921
• Steven Spielberg- has produced such movies as ET,
  Jurassic Park, and AI
• Michael Eisner- head of the Disney Corporation
• Jack Valenti- created the original G through X
  rating system in 1968

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MTV Movie Awards
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Web Sites
www.ultimatemovieclips.com
www.mtv.com/onair/ma01/pastwinners/index.jhtml? Pa
genamepastwinnersyear2001
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The End