Title: Introduction to Verbs Chapter 15
1Introduction to VerbsChapter 15
2Exegetical Insight 1 John 21 and 36
- 1 John 21 Tekni,a mou( tau/ta gra,fw umi/n ina
mh. ama,rthteÅ kai. eva,n tij ama,rth(
para,klhton ecomen pro.j to.n pate,ra VIhsou/n
Cristo.n di,kaion\ - 1 John 36 pa/j o evn auvtw/ me,nwn ouvc
amarta,nei\ pa/j o amarta,nwn ouvc ew,raken
auvto.n ouvde. egnwken auvto,nÅ
3English Grammar
- Verb a word that describes action or state of
being. - I am studying Greek.
- Greek is the language of the New Testament.
- Person
- First (I, we)
- Second (you)
- Third (he, she, it, they)
- Number either singular or plural
- I am the teacher.
- You are the students.
- Agreement A verb must agree with its subject in
person and number. - Time when the action takes place (past,
present, future)
4English Grammar
- Tense In English, tense refers to both the time
of the action and the form of the word. - I study present tense
- I will study future tense
- I studied past tense
- Note the time of the verb is from the standpoint
of the speaker/writer, not the reader. - Aspect What is the difference between
- I studied last night.
- I was studying last night.
- The difference is in the kind of action
completed versus continuous.
5English Grammar
present past future
completed I study I studied I will study
continuous I am studying I was studying I will be studying
6English Grammar
- Voice refers to the relationship between the
subject and the verb. - Active the subject does the action of the verb.
- Bill hit the ball.
- Passive the subject receives the action of the
verb. - Bill was hit by the ball.
7Greek Verbs
- Tenses
- Present
- Aorist
- Future
- Imperfect
- Perfect
- Pluperfect
8Greek Verbs- tenses
- Present
- Shows action in present time
9Greek Verbs- tenses
- Future
- Shows action of the verb as defined in the future.
10Greek Verbs- tenses
- Aorist
- Simple, undefined action.
11Greek Verbs- tenses
- Imperfect
- Continuous or linear action
- in past time.
12Greek Verbs- tenses
- Perfect
- The action was completed in the past, but has
lasting and continuing results into the future.
13Greek Verbs- tenses
- Pluperfect
- The action was completed in the past, with
continuing results in the past.
14Greek Verbs- Moods
- Indicative
- Imperative
- Subjunctive
- Optative
- Participle
- Infinitive
15Greek Verbs- Moods
- Indicative
- Makes an assertion of fact
16Greek Verbs- Moods
- Imperative
- A command to do something.
17Greek Verbs- Moods
- Subjunctive
- Makes an assertion about which there is some
doubt, uncertainty, or indefiniteness
18Greek Verbs- Moods
- Optative
- Usually expresses a wish or desire.
19Greek Verbs- Moods
- Participle
- A verbal adjective
20Greek Verbs- Moods
21Greek Verbs- Voices
22Greek Verbs- Voices
- Active
- Action was completed by the subject of the verb.
23Greek Verbs- Voices
- Passive
- The subject receives the action of the verb.
24Greek Verbs- Voices
- Middle
- The subject acts in some way upon itself or to
itself.
25Present Active Indicative
- Present tense stem Connecting Vowel Primary
active personal endings - lu o men luvomen
26Greek Verbs- Charts
- Stem This is the part of the verb that carries
the basic meaning. - Connecting vowel Greek verbs sometimes need a
vowel after the stem to aid in the pronunciation
of the word. - Personal endings Suffixes added to the end of
the verb indicating person and number
27Keep Parsing of Nouns and Verbs Straight
- Verbs do not have case or gender nouns do not
have person. - Nouns
- Case, gender, number
- Verbs
- Tense, voice, mood, person and number
28Greek Verbs- Charts
- Our first set of endings and the primary active
endings are as follows - 1s-w
- 2s-eiV
- 3s-ei
- 1p-omen
- 2p-ete
- 3p-ousi(n)
29Greek Verbs- Charts
- Parsing the breaking down of the verb and
denoting of person, number, tense, voice, mood,
lexical form, and definition of inflected form. - Lexical form For verbs, this will be the 1st
person singular, present indicative.
30Paradigm Present Active Indicative- luvvw
1sg luvw I am loosing o -
2sg luveiV You are loosing e V
3sg luvei he/she/it is loosing e i
1pl luvomen we are loosing o men
2pl luvete yall are loosing e te
3pl luvousi(n) they are loosing o nsi
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st
Sing. Redup Stem Form. Vowel Endings Paradigm Pr
esent Present o / e Prim act luvw
31Primary Active ending
1s -w
2s -eiV
3s -ei
1p -omen
2p -ete
3p -ousi(n)
32Greek Verbs- Tense
- Aspect This can be either continuous or
undefined. - Aspect ALWAYS takes precedence over time
- Time Present tense generally indicates an action
occurring in the present tense.
33Verbs Personal Pronouns
- It is not usually necessary to provide the
personal pronoun as the subject of a verb because
the verb ending indicates the personal pronoun
subject of the verb. - Reasons for including the personal pronoun are
twofold - Emphasis.
- Gender.
34Beta
- th.n fwnh.n auvtou/ avkou,eij
- You hear its sound
35Gamma
- evxousi,an ecei o uio.j tou/ avnqrw,pou
- the son of man has authority
36Delta
- to. fw/j tou/ ko,smou tou,tou ble,pousin
- They see the light of the world
37(No Transcript)