ICS 101 Introduction to Computer Programming

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ICS 101 Introduction to Computer Programming

• Ahmad Ridha
• aridha_at_kfupm.edu.sa
• Information Computer Science Department
• CCSE - King Fahd University of Petroleum
  Minerals

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Instructor

• Name Ahmad Ridha
• E-mail
• ahmad.ridha_at_gmail.com
• aridha_at_kfupm.edu.sa
• a_ridha_at_ccse.kfupm.edu.sa
• Office Building 23 Room 016B
• Phone 1489/1490
• Office hours ???

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Lab Schedule

• Saturday, 02.10pm 05.10pm (15 minutes break for
  prayer time)
• Building 14 Room 256

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Course Description

• An overview of the computer system, its main
  components and their functions. Programming in
  FORTRAN 77 with emphasis on a modular and
  structured problem solving approach that includes
  program coding, algorithm design, debugging and
  testing. Various programming problems will be
  illustrated as examples in the class.

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Textbook

• Introduction to Computer Programming using
  FORTRAN 77, Second Edition by Al-Dhaher, et, al.
  KFUPM Press, 1995.
• If you haven't got it, get it from the Bookstore
  as soon as possible.

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Grading Policy

• MAJOR I 20
• MAJOR II 25
• FINAL 30
• LAB WORK 13 (1 _at_ LABS)
• LAB QUIZZES 12 (2 _at_ QUIZ)

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Lab Grading Parameters

• Attendance
• Quizzes
• Manners
• Activity

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Lab Objective

• Lab work is given to provide an opportunity for
  students to exercise programming
• Be active in class and lab discussion
• Homeworks will be given as exercises for the
  quizzes
• Practice!!! Practice!!! Practice!!!

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Remarks

• Do remind me if I speak too fast or not clearly
  (Most of us are not native speakers).
• Remind me if I make mistakes (I'm just a human).
• If there are things you'd like to discuss, meet
  me in office hours or e-mail me.

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Major Concepts in the Course Description

• Computer
• Components
• Functions
• Programming
• Fortran 77
• Algorithm
• Coding
• Testing
• Debugging

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Computer

• What is a computer?
• From Latin word Computare
• Where can you find computers?
• What kinds of computers do we have?

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What is a computer?

• Computare to compute
• Various calculations (arithmetic, logical, ....)
• Early computers were used to
• help in census
• do calculations for weapon use (WW2)
• crack secret messages (WW2 Enigma machine)
• An electronic device that can accept input,
  process the input, provide information, run a
  program stored in memory, and store a program

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Where can we find computers?

• Obvious forms
• Desktop computers
• Laptop/notebook computers
• Personal Digital Assistant
• Less obvious forms
• Smartphones
• Automatic Teller Machines
• Home appliances
• Security devices

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What kinds of computer do we have?

• Depends of the category
• Generation
• 1st vacuum tubes (1940s)
• 2nd transistors (1950s)
• 3rd integrated circuits (IC) (1960s)
• Very Large Scale Integration a chip can consists
  of millions of transistors

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Computer

• Hardware
• Software
• Netware
• Brainware

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Computer System Hardware

• Oversimplified diagram
• Details will depend on the design

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Computer Components

• Input devices
• Output devices
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Memory
• Bus

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I/O Devices

• What are the examples of input devices?
• Can a computer work without mouse and keyboard?
• What are the examples of output devices?
• Can a computer work without a monitor?
• Are there devices that can be both input and
  output devices?
• Connect computer to the outer environment
  (people, other computers, other devices)
• Also called peripheral devices

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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• What are the examples of CPUs?
• Also known as processor
• Can a computer work with a CPU?
• The heart of a computer system
• Performs the execution of instructions given
• Uses the data stored in the memory

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CPU
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Memory

• An area to store programs and data
• Based on volatility
• Volatile
• Non-volatile
• Based on function primary and secondary
• Based on material
• Semiconductor
• Magnetic
• Optical

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Memory

• Which is better volatile or non-volatile memory?
• Why do we still use volatile memory for RAM?
• Memory is a system

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Bus

• All those components need to communicate
• Communication path ? BUS

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Software

• What are examples of softwares?
• Program
• Is there a program running in your computers?
• Simply lists of instructions for the computer to
  execute.
• An ordered set of instructions to solve a problem
  in finite steps

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Programming Languages

• How is it to tell the computers what to do?
• Can we speak directly to the computers?
• Computers speak in binary
• What number system do we usually use?
• Programming languages
• Standards (what is the standard for human
  language?)

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Fortran

• One of the earliest programming languages
• Since 1954 and still widely used
• Latest standard Fortran 2003
• We will learn Fortran77 (a widely used standard)
• See http//www.levenez.com/lang/history.html

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Let's Try a Bit!

• Open Microsoft Developer Studio
• Open My Computer
• Double-click C Drive
• Double-click MSDEV folder
• Double-click BIN folder
• Double-click MSDEV file

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Creating a Simple Program

• Create a text file
• File ? New... ? Text File
• Save the file
• File ? Save As...
• Type the name of the file (lab0) .for extension
  to tell the MSDEV that it is a Fortran program
• You should see a green mark in the file

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A Simple Print Program

• After the green mark type
• PRINT , 'ICS 101 LAB WORK'
• END

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Running a Program

• Compile the program
• Build ? Compile Lab0.for
• Build the executable
• Build ? Build Proj0.exe
• Execute the executable
• Build ? Execute Proj0.exe