Week 7 Social Control and Deviance

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Week 7 Social Control and Deviance

• Chapter 8

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Fridays Reading
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Sabini and Silver

• All Read 55-58
• Milgram 58-59
• Bureaucracy 61-63
• Deviance 69-71
• Goffman 74-76
• Zimbardo 76-78
• Socialization 83-84
• Asch 84-85
• All Read Coda 86-87

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Social Control

• Conformity and Obedience

• Conformity is defined as going along with peers
  who have no special right to direct our behavior.
• Solomon Asch
• Research demonstrates that people may conform to
  attitudes and behavior of peers even when it
  means expressing intolerance towards others.
• Lefkowitz

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Social Control

• Conformity and Obedience

• Obedience is defined as compliance with higher
  authorities in an hierarchical structure.

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Stanley Milgram

• 4 minutes
• What does this say about obedience?
• Who are the players, obedience to whom?
• What does this say about social control?

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Milgrams Results
Source Kendall
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Social Control

• Conformity and Obedience

• Why do we obey and conform?
• Cant we think for ourselves?
• Reframe the question Why dont we deviate?

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Deviance

• What is Deviance?

• Deviance
• --Deviance is behavior that violates the
  standards of conduct or expectations of a group
  or society.
• --Examples of deviants
• alcoholics
• gamblers
• mentally ill

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Social Control

• Social Control refers to the techniques and
  strategies for preventing deviant
  (non-conforming) human behavior in any society.
• i.e. Sanctions
• penalties and rewards for conduct

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Social Control

• Review Sanctions of Formal and Informal Norms
• Informal Social Control
• --Informal social control is used casually to
  enforce norms.
• --Informal social control includes smiles,
  laughter, ridicule, raising an eyebrow
• Formal Social Control
• --Some norms are so important to a society that
  they are formalized into laws controlling
  peoples behaviors.

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Deviance

• Control Theory
• --Our bonds to members of society lead us to
  conform to societys norms.
• --We are bonded through family, friends, peers
• Social Stigma
• --The term stigma describes the labels society
  uses to devalue members of certain social groups.
• --Once members are assigned deviant roles, they
  have trouble presenting positive images to others.

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Deviance

• Nevertheless

• Sociologically, we are all deviant from time to
  time.
• Deviance itself varies over time and from group
  to group (subjective)
• Each of us violates common social norms in
  certain situations.
• Deviance involves the violation of group norms
  which may or may not be formalized into law.

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• Enemy of the State First Few minutes then USA
  Patriot Act Article.
• Deviance changes

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Deviance

• What is Deviance?

• Can be a slippery Slope (foreshadow to Sabini)

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Crime

• Crime is defined as a violation of criminal law
  for which some governmental authority applies
  formal penalties.

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Crime

• Types of Crime

• Professional Crime Crime pursued as a persons
  day-to-day occupation.
• Organized Crime The work of a group that
  regulates relations between various criminal
  enterprises.

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Crime

• Types of Crime

• White Collar and Technology-Based Crime Illegal
  acts committed in the course of business
  activities, often by affluent people.
• Victimless Crimes The willing exchange among
  adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and
  services.

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Crime

• Crime Statistics

• Crime statistics are not as accurate as social
  scientists would like.
• Reported crime is very high in the United States
  and is regarded as a major social problem.
• Violent crimes have declined significantly
  nationwide following many years of increases.

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Crime
1Due to rounding,the percentages donot add to
100.0 percent.
Forcible Rape0.8
MotorVehicleTheft10.0
Murder0.1
Robbery3.5
Aggravatedassault7.8
Burglary17.7
Larceny-theft60.0
Crime Index Offenses Percent Distribution 2000
Source U.S. Department of Justice. 2001. Crime
in the United States 2000. Figure 2-3.
Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.
Also accessible at http//www.fbi.gov/ucr/00cius.h
tm.
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Crime
OneViolent Crimeevery 22.1seconds
OneMurderevery 33.9minutes
OneForcible Rapeevery 5.8minutes
OneRobberyevery 1.3minutes
OneAggravatedAssault every 34.6seconds
The Crime Clock shouldbe viewed with care.
Themost aggregaterepresentation of UCRdata, it
conveys theannual reported crimeexperience by
showinga relative frequencyof occurrence of
Indexoffenses. It should notbe taken to imply
aregularity in the commission of crime.The
Crime Clock represents the annualration of
crime to fixedtime intervals.
OneAggravatedAssault every 34.6seconds
OneCrime IndexOffenseevery 2.7 seconds
OneBurglaryevery 15.4seconds
OneProperty Crimeevery 3.1seconds
OneMotor VehicleTheft every 27.1seconds
OneLarceny-theftevery 4.5seconds
Crime Clock
Source U.S. Department of Justice. 2001. Crime
in the United States 2000. Figure 2-1.
Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.
Also accessible at http//www.fbi.gov/ucr/00cius.h
tm.
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Crime Victims
Male/Female Rate of Violent Victimization Per
1,000 Persons by Age 12 or Over
Source Callie Marie Rennison for the Bureau of
Justice Statistics. 2001. Figure 2 in Criminal
Victimization 2000. NCJ 187007. Accessible at
http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv00.pdf.
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Crime Victims
Black/White Rate of Violent Victimization Per
1,000 Persons by Age 12 or Over
Source Callie Marie Rennison for the Bureau of
Justice Statistics. 2001. Figure 3 in Criminal
Victimization 2000. NCJ 187007. Accessible at
http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv00.pdf.
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The Criminal Justice System is Growing
Adults on Probation, in Jail, or Prison, or on
Parole, 1985 to 1997
Source Allen J. Beck et al. for the Bureau of
Justice Statistics. 2000. Correctional
Populations in the United States, 1997. NCJ
177614. Accessible at http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs
/pub/pdf/cpus97ex.pdf.