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ALTITUDE 1

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An Optimization System for the Management of Operations in Air ... Locomotive Routing. ALTITUDE 52. Crew Pairing Air Canada. FLIGHT ATTENDANTS DC-9 A 320 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ALTITUDE 1


1
Un peu dhistoire ...
  • Le partenariat Universités - Entreprises
  • Un problème générique
  • Plus court chemin avec fenêtres de temps

2
Étiquetage des sommets
3
Étiquetage des sommets ...
4
Plus court chemin avec fenêtres de temps
5
Des fonctions dextension
6
Une fonction de coût discontinue
7
Des contraintes globales
8
Le problème maître
9
Mise en œuvre de la décomposition la
génération de colonneset loptimiseur GENCOL
10
ALTITUDEAn Optimization System for the
Management of Operations in Air Transport
  • A University-Industry RD Project (1993 -1998)

11
  • GOVERNMENTS
  • COMMERCIAL PARTNERS
  • AIRLINE COMPANIES
  • CREW MEMBERS
  • UNIVERSITIES
  • RESEARCH CENTERS
  • Professors Researchers
  • STUDENTS ANALYSTS

12
The Presentation
  • The Research Team
  • The Operations Phases in Air Transport
  • The Financial Support
  • The Structure of the Problems Solved
  • The Optimization Methods Utilized
  • Benefits of the Project

13
The Research Team
  • G. Desaulniers, M. Gamache F. Soumis
  • Ecole Polytechnique GERAD
  • J. Desrosiers
  • Ecole des HEC GERAD
  • M. M. Solomon
  • Northeastern University GERAD

14
GERAD
  • an Operations Research center
    that brings together ...
  • Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal
  • Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales
  • McGill University
  • Université du Québec à Montréal

15
GERAD
  • Few numbers...
  • 30 professors / researchers
  • 20 post-docs and computer science analysts
  • 120 graduate students
  • 3M grants / year

16
The Research Team ...
  • Team manager
  • François Soumis
  • Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal
  • Past director of GERAD (1992-96)

17
The Research Team ...
  • 30 people per year at GERAD for this project
  • 3 to 6 post-doctoral researchers
  • 15 master and Ph. D. students
  • 5 to 7 full time programmers
  • 7 university collaborators
  • Personnel from commercial partners

18
University Collaborators
  • Ecole des HEC
  • P. Hansen
  • F. Chauny
  • Ecole Polytechnique
  • B. Sanso
  • B. Jaumard
  • G. Savard
  • Université de Montréal
  • G. Lapalme
  • McGill University
  • J.-L. Goffin
  • Université du Québec à Montréal
  • O. Marcotte

19
Operations Phases in Air Transport
  • Planning
  • aircraft routes
  • crew pairings
  • employees monthly schedules
  • Day-to-day operations
  • rescheduling of
  • aircraft routes crew schedules

20
The Financial Support CDN 5,500,000
  • Quebec Government 2.5 M
  • AD OPT Technologies Cognologic 1.5 M
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
    of Canada 1.5 M
  • Research infrastructure provided by
  • GERAD

21
The Structure of the Problems Solved
  • Tasks to be performed
  • represented by nodes or arcs on
  • time space networks
  • Paths covering the tasks
  • the required number of times
  • Local constraints
  • characterize a single path
  • Global constraints
  • on the path set composition
  • Objective context dependent

22
The Generic Problem
  • COVER AT MINIMUM COST
  • A SET OF TASKS
  • WITH FEASIBLE PATHS

TASK
COMMODITY
23
Examples
24
The Aircraft Routing Problem
  • Tasks
  • flight legs to be flown
  • Paths
  • aircraft routes
  • Local constraints
  • time windows on flights
  • Global constraints
  • flight synchronization
  • same time schedules
  • Minimize
  • fleet size
  • Maximize
  • profit

25
The Crew Pairing Problem
  • Tasks
  • flight legs to cover
  • Paths
  • crew travels
  • Local constraints
  • pilots flight attendants work rules
  • Global constraints
  • number of crews per base
  • Minimize
  • total crew costs

26
Employees Monthly Schedules
  • Tasks
  • pre-assignments crew pairings
  • annual vacations, training
  • Paths
  • sequence of tasks assigned to employees
  • the number of employees required by a pairing
    sometimes exceeds 10
  • Local constraints
  • employees work rules
  • Global constraints
  • ratios on full time / part time employees

27
Employees Monthly Schedules
  • Flight deck
  • minimize
  • costs incurred
  • maximize
  • an index of personnel satisfaction
  • balance
  • work schedules
  • Flight attendants
  • maximize
  • rotation covering
  • (uncovered tasks allocated to reserve
    personnel)

28
Day-to-Day Operations
  • Schedule perturbations
  • illness
  • breakdowns
  • lateness
  • storm
  • Cost optimization
  • vs
  • Client satisfaction

29
Day-to-Day Operations ...
  • Tasks
  • scheduled new flights
  • Paths
  • aircraft crew routes (modified or not)
  • strong / weak interaction
  • Local constraints
  • flight time windows
  • Local constraints
  • crew work rules on pairings monthly
    schedules
  • Global constraints
  • fleet composition
  • flight synchronization
  • new configuration of pairings monthly
    schedules

30
The Optimization Methods Utilized
  • Integer multi-commodity network flow problems
  • with additional constraints
  • Mathematical decomposition
  • Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition (column generation)
  • Lagrangian relaxation
  • Benders decomposition

31
Resource Constrained Shortest Path Problem on
G(N,A)
P(N, A)
32
Integer Multi-Commodity Network Flow Structure
33
The Optimization Methods Utilized ...
  • Dynamic programming
  • for efficient solution of shortest path problems
    embedding local constraints
  • Sequential Parallel implementations
  • column pricing
  • DP algorithms
  • CPLEX software flexibility
  • Network
  • Primal Dual Simplex
  • Barrier

34
Complements...
35
Benefits of the Project
  • academic
  • scientific
  • commercial
  • industrial
  • and artistic

36
Academic spin-offs
  • Aircraft Routing
  • Daily Ianick
  • Weekly Nicolas
  • Monthly Lucien
  • Schedule synchronization Irina
  • Pairing Construction
  • Deadhead Selection Gilles Hatem
  • Regional Carrier Arielle
  • Crew Complement Bogdan
  • Ph.D. students

37
Academic spin-offs ...
  • Monthly Schedules
  • Rostering (crew cabin) Michel
  • Rostering (flight attendants) Michel
  • Preferential Bidding Michel
  • Day-of-Operations
  • Crew members Mirela
  • Aircraft schedules Goran
  • (Strong interaction)
  • Ph.D. students

38
Academic spin-offs ...
  • Column Generation
  • Sub-problem algorithms Irina Daniel Ma
    nuel Sylvie
  • Master problem Norbert Daniel Eric
  • Column Generation Stabilized Daniel Manuel
    Viviane
  • Branch Bound François Eric Sylvie Nor
    bert Ph.D. students

39
Academic spin-offs ...
  • 7 post-doctoral researchers for periods of one
    to three years.
  • 5 residencies
  • 23 analysts
  • 6 Ph. D. dissertations
  • 14 master thesis
  • New RAIL RD project 3 Ph. D. dissertations
  • 4 master thesis 8 analysts

40
Scientific Advances
  • 30 publications
  • Management Science
  • Operations Research
  • Transportation Science
  • Networks
  • EJOR
  • Handbooks in ORMS
  • Fleet Management Logistics ...
  • 3 survey papers
  • Time Constrained Routing and Scheduling
  • A Unified Framework for Deterministic Vehicle
    Routing and Crew Scheduling Problems
  • Crew Scheduling in Air Transportation

41
Scientific Advances ...
  • IP Column Generation
  • Basis of a theory on branching methods and
    cutting planes, hence resolving difficulties
    faced for several decades.
  • Equivalence between Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition
    Column Generation
  • Branching rules on
  • Network Flow
  • Supplementary
  • Resource variables
  • Cutting Planes at
  • Master
  • Sub-problem levels

42
Scientific Advances ...
  • Resource constrained shortest paths
  • non linear cost functions
  • non linear resource functions
  • linear cost on resource
    variables
  • Acceleration techniques
  • early and multiple branching strategies
  • partial pricing for sub-problems
  • primal perturbation dual stabilization for
    the master problem

43
Scientific Advances ...
  • GENCOL 3.0 4.0 4.1 4.2
  • This optimizer integrates the majority of the
    scientific advances made on column generation to
    solve very large scale vehicle routing crew
    scheduling problems.

44
Prizes and Honors
  • ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE Research Prize (1992)
  • François Soumis
  • ECOLE des HEC Research Prize (1997)
  • Jacques Desrosiers

45
Prizes and Honors ...
  • CORS Best Application
  • "A Column Generation Approach for Large Scale
    Aircrew Rostering Problems" collaboration with
    Air France (Montréal, May 1994)
  • " The Preferential Bidding Problem at Air Canada
    " (Vancouver, July 1996)
  • TV show "Option Education"
  • The research of professors J. Desrosiers and
    F. Soumis has been the subject of a segment
    televised by Télé-Québec and RDI .
    (December 1996)

46
Prizes and Honors ...
  • ACFAS
  • J.-Armand Bombardier Medal for Technological
    Innovation (Montreal, May 1997)
  • ADRIQ
  • TRANSFERT Prize 1997 with Ad Opt Technologies
    (Montreal, November 1997)
  • The CONFERENCE BOARD of Canada NSERC
  • RD PARTNERSHIPS Award University-Industry
    Synergy (Vancouver, October 1997)

47
Commercial Benefits
  • Provided by the Universities commercial
    licenses of GENCOL to
  • Ad Opt Technologies
  • Airline industry
  • Rail industry
  • Les Entreprises GIRO
  • Urban transportation
  • School busing
  • Dial-a-Ride System

48
Product Architecture
49
The Family of Products
50
Altitude - Ad Opt
51
Computational Results
  • Crew Pairing
  • Crew Rostering
  • Fleet Assignment and Aircraft Routing
  • Aircraft Routing and Flight Scheduling
  • Subway Driver Scheduling
  • Locomotive Routing

52
Crew Pairing Air Canada
  • FLIGHT ATTENDANTS DC-9 A 320

Savings vs Air Canada solution 7.8 ? 2.03
TRANSAT, CAN. REGIONAL, NORTHWEST, U.P.S., DELTA,
SABENA, SWISSAIR, FEDEX
53
Crew Rostering Air France
  • Flight Attendant

ORLY CDG PAIRINGS 4547 30005 PERSONS
240 840
SAVINGS 7.4 7.6
A. C., TRANSAT, CAN. REGIONAL, TWA, DELTA,
SABENA, SWISSAIR, AMERICA WEST
54
Fleet Assignment Aircraft Routing Air Canada
  • 91 AIRCRAFT, 9 TYPES, 33 STATIONS
  • FLEET REDUCTION
  • WITH TIME WINDOWS ON FLIGHT SCHEDULE

55
Fleet Assignment Aircraft Routing Air France
  • 51 AIRCRAFT, 6 TYPES, 44 STATIONS
  • BASIC PROBLEM 6.5
  • ? 10 MIN Time Windows 11.2
  • ? 10 MIN T.W. FLEET OPTIMIZATION 21.9

PROFIT IMPROVEMENT
56
Aircraft Routing Scheduling Canadian Army
(C-130)
  • WEST CHALLENGE (19 city-pairs)
  • 750 soldiers and equipment
  • MAX 65 soldiers per flight

57
Subway Driver Scheduling Tokyo
  • 2000 3000 bus segments
  • One- or two-day shifts
  • Collective agreement rules
  • SAVINGS ? 15
  • GIRO contract US 1,500,000

Stockholm, Helsinky, Singapore, Barcelone, New
York, Chicago 35 cities
58
Locomotive Routing Canadian National
  • Weekly problem
  • 2000 Trains 26 Locomotive types
  • Maintenance constraints
  • Minimal demand for each train nb. of locos
    hp
  • SAVINGS 100 locos over 1090 (9.17 )

Via Rail
59
Commercial Benefits ...
  • Ad Opt Technologies
  • Number of employees
  • 5 ?? 55
  • Hiring of 30 O.R. students
  • Yearly revenues
  • 300 K?? 5.7 M
  • ALTITUDE System
  • Air Transat UPS
  • Air Canada TWA
  • Northwest Delta
  • Sabena FedEx
  • .
  • RAIL-WAYS System
  • VIA Rail

60
Commercial Benefits ...
  • had the role to design the graphical interfaces
    of the ALTITUDE system.
  • This 5-year project has permitted the company to
    consolidate its position in this market in
    Montreal.
  • Cognologic

61
Other CommercialBenefits ...
  • Les Entreprises GIRO
  • 150 cities using the HASTUS System for bus
    drivers
  • The CREW-OPT version integrates GENCOL
  • 12 35 installations of CREW-OPT
  • (Lyon) (Toulouse)
  • Tokyo Vienna
  • Singapore Barcelona
  • Helsinki Oslo
  • Perpignan Stockholm
  • Valenciennes

62
Industrial Benefits
63
Industrial Benefits ...
  • The financial impact for the Aircraft Fleet is at
    least as large, if not larger, than that of the
    two preceding modules.
  • The DAYOPS module has a impact on the entire
    system operated by any airline company.
  • Savings of several tens of millions of dollars
    for the Crew Pairing module.
  • Savings of same order are realized for the
    Monthly Schedules.
  • AVING are additive.

64
Common Goal Efforts
  • Jean-Yves Blais
  • President of GIRO
  • Tom Ivaskiv
  • President of Ad Opt
  • Jacques Desrosiers
  • Ecole des HEC
  • François Soumis
  • Ecole Polytechnique

65
Commercial Benefits ...
  • Ad Opt Technologies
  • Number of employees
  • 5 ?? 55 ?? 75
  • Yearly revenues
  • 300 K ?? 5.7 M ... ?? 12 M
  • Toronto Stock Market (since June 17, 1999)
  • AOP stock value 62 M ---gt

66
Research Trends
67
  • GOVERNMENTS
  • COMMERCIAL PARTNERS
  • AIRLINE COMPANIES
  • CREW MEMBERS
  • UNIVERSITIES
  • RESEARCH CENTERS
  • Professors Researchers
  • STUDENTS ANALYSTS

68
Soutenance de Daniel V.
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