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 THE 99 MARMARA EARTHQUAKE AND AFTERWARDS

• Specialist Doctor Ayse Emel ÖNAL,
• Prof. Dr. Yakut Irmak ÖZDEN
• Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty,
  Departement of Public Health-TURKEY

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• On 17th August 99 Turkey's Marmara Region was
  shaked by an earthquake of magnitude 7.4 as
  measured on the Richter scale.
• The outcome was frightful
• 17 480 deaths,
• 43 953 wounded and
• 200 000 homeless.

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• This earthquake gave rise to a multitude of
  serious public health problems such as
• difficulties in the provision of safe water,
• sewage problems,
• housing difficulties,
• those related to the collection of wastage.

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• There was no mobile hospital and
• no burn center and no trauma center,
• The number of hospital beds,
• and that of health personel were not sufficient
  to meet the needs,
• Intensive care,
• and hemodialysis services,
• as well as the supply of blood
• were quite inadequate.  

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• Due to the lack of personnel in the primary
  health centers, basic needs such as
• immunization,
• mother and child health,
• the examination of patients and
• laboratory analyses
• could not be met acceptably.
• There were also difficulties in the
  inhumation of deceased people.

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• On the other hand, the earthquake triggered a
  number of serious environmental risks
• A series of explosions happening at TUPRAS (
  petroleum factory ) just after the earthquake
  caused very serious damage also.

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• 6500 tons of acrylonitrile ran out of the AKSA
  acrylic factory and got into the sea and the
  soil.

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• Period of rehabilitation and restoration began
  after the earthquake
• Settlement of homeless people in transitory homes
  and accelerated construction of new houses for
  them,

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• reopening of schools,
• and workplaces,
• and providing psychological help and support to
  the survivors.

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Rehabilitation study in Halkali Agriculture
School Küçükçekmece ÇYDD, Istanbul, August 1999
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• Mailonale_at_istanbul.edu.tr
• I correspond with scientists in public health
  area with e-mail frequently
• I got acquainted with this supercourse in 2001,
  after the Congress of Epidemiology, Toronto,
  Canada
• I have been interested in Prof. Ron LaPortes
  mail and our communication with the supercourse
  team began in this way....