Payloads and Sensors Team

1
Payloads and Sensors Team

• 15-18 January 2002

2
Rules of Engagement

• We Are Time Constrained (35 Days Left in the
  Study)
• Focus on Military UtilityThere is NO Business
  Case for MSP
• This is NOT EELVWe Arent Competing for Business
• This is a Joint Warfighting System
• This is Warfighting 101--Think Like a Warfighter
  (Dead Targets are the Product)
• Whats the Threat?
• What Effect Can I Create in Battle?
• This IS a Real Coercive Spacepower System
• Take the Initiative to Get the Information We
  Need to Be Thorough
• Major Chris Kinnan Cell is 719-200-3514 or Work
  at 719-554-5233. Email is christopher.kinnan_at_pete
  rson.af.mil

3
Original F-16 Had a Limited Mission
Original F-16 was designed for an important, but
limited role as an air-to-air fighter aircraft
only
4
F-16 CapabilitiesExtended Significantly
New Capabilities Continue to be Developed...
5
Military Spaceplane Priorities

• Precision Strike
• Find
• Fix
• Track
• Target
• Engage
• Assess
• Space Superiority
• ISR Enhancement
• Spacelift

• Predictive Battespace Awareness
• Combat Identification
• Precision Engagement-Maneuver
• Combat Effectiveness Assessment

6
Team Focus

• MSP Priorities Are Precision Strike, Space
  Superiority, ISR Enhancement and Space SupportWe
  Are a Combat System First
• Threat Analysis Team
• GSTF Space Requirements Based on DIA Threat
  Assessment of 2009-2010 Anti-access Threats
• Military Utility Team
• Apportionment of Specialized Sensors (e.g. HSI,
  MSI, EO, IR, UV etc.) and Payloads (e.g. CAV with
  LOCASS, Unitary Penetrator, etc.)
• Assist ACC in Preparing a Comprehensive GSTF
  CONOPS
• Survey Team
• Given Operationally Responsive Spacelift . . .
  Develop a Comprehensive List of Industry, DoD and
  National Community Sensors and Payloads in 2007,
  2012 and beyond
• Determine When the Technologies Mature
• Determine What Other Areas Must be Addressed if
  ORS and Responsive Sensors are Available (e.g.
  TPED, Bandwidth, Architecture, etc)

7
Deliverables

• Threat Team
• 2010 Threat Analysis
• RT2 and RT4 Scenario
• Military Utility Team
• Propose Base, Enhanced and Execution Force
  Structure
• Combat Space Force Apportionment and Allocation
• Joint Fight Phasing
• Survey Team
• Populated Matrix
• Questions That Must be Answered

8
MSP 2010

• Generating and Executing Coercive Spacepower

9
RLV Utility

• U.S. Commercial Space Sector
• Enhances international competitiveness
• Stimulates U.S. space industrial base
• Enables revolution in space businessnew markets,
  elastic demand
• Improves reliability, availability,
  flexibilitykeys to launcher selection
• Aligns mission planning lead time with satellite
  manufacturing in lt24 months
• All Sectors
• Enables new approaches to satellite design and
  constellation management
• On-orbit refueling could extend satellite
  operating life, improve maneuverability
• Enables technology insertion during operating
  life of a satellite block
• Reusable satellites could cost up to 2/3 less to
  build, insure, and operate

• National Security Sector
• Implements QDR transformation and space
  control themes
• Space Commission objectives for RLV
  short-notice call-up lower cost
• Enables prompt global strike and ISR augmentation
  from space
• Enables launch on demand to augment, replenish,
  project, deploy and sustain U.S. space force
  structure
• Civil Sector--NASA
• Improves safety, reliability, availability, and
  lower cost compared to Shuttle
• Allows development paths for ISS crew rescue,
  other future missions

1998 NSSA Launch on Demand Study
10
2010 Assumptions

• Anti-Access
• PoliticalOverflight and Troop Footprint
  Limitations Restricted LOCs, SPODs and APODs
  Geographical Barriers Limited Forward Operating
  Bases
• MilitaryWMD/WME, Long Range SAMS w/Enhanced
  IADS, Cruise Missiles, Short to Intermediate
  Range Missiles
• Space
• Limited Number of Quick Response
  PayloadsAvailable for Use on Second Pass
• PoliticalSpace Sanctuary Policy Restrictions,
  Consortia and Multi-national Space Dependence
  Sensitivities
• MilitaryProliferation of Commercial Ultra High
  Resolution Imagery, CNO, Jammers, RFI Weapons,
  Laser Dazzlers and Limited Numbers of ASATs
• Tasking, Processing, Exploitation and
  Dissemination
• Communications Infrastructure Exists to Provide
  Space and UAV Imagery to AOCs and Cockpits
• Improved Data Fusion Capability

11
2010 Joint Warfighting Challenges

• Precision Strike Payloads Against
• Anti-access Threats
• Enemy Air Defenses
• C2 Nodes
• Leadership
• Hard and Deeply Buried Targets (HDBT)
• WMD and WME
• Other Time critical targets
• ISR
• Combat identification (Pre-, Trans-Hostilities,
  Emerging Threats)
• Predictive Battlespace awareness
• Battle Damage Assessment
• Cross Cueing of Space and Terrestrial Platforms
  and Sensors
• Combat Search and Rescue

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JWCA Precision Engagement Shortfalls
INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS
BATTLE MANAGEMENT
ATTACK EXECUTION

• Responsiveness
• (Re) Tasking
• Processing (Fusion)
• Exploration
• Dissemination
• Connectivity
• Need More Networked Systems
• ONA / IPB
• Sensor Capabilities
• Combat Identification
• Adverse Weather
• Defeat Countermeasures
• Predict/Maintain Target Track
• Determine Effects
• Broad Area Search

• Responsiveness
• Decision Process / Time
• Weapons Tasking
• TTP
• Connectivity
• Enhanced Joint C2
• Networked Operations
• Consistent Relevant Operational Picture
• Multi-Nation / Coalition Operations
• Bandwidth
• Effects Assessment Capabilities and Procedures

• Responsiveness
• Cross Component Coordination
• Mission Planning
• Flight Time
• Connectivity
• Survivability
• Accuracy
• Non-Lethal Capabilities
• Affordability

Source DoD Precision Engagement Strategic Study
13
ACC GSTF Requirements
SENSOR REQUIREMENTS
PAYLOAD REQUIREMENTS

• Integrate MSP Into CAOC Tasking Cycle
• IMINT
• Combat Identification (NIIRS 4-6)
• Rapid Retarget/Restrike (NIIRS 6-7)
• Continuous 24/7 Surveillance
• All Weather
• EO, IR, SAR, HIS, SIGINT, MASINT

• Integrate MSP Into CAOC Tasking Cycle
• Deliver Munitions
• 250 lb 2000 lb GP Warheads
• CAV
• Guided Munitions
• Cluster Munitions
• Directed Energy
• All Weather, Precision Attack Capable (GPS
  Independent/Dependent)
• Precision Weapon CEP (lt3 m)

14
Future Space Warfare

• Space basing advantages
• Reduced crisis-reaction timelines -- Schriever
  2001 results
• Situational awareness cueing and support
• Persistent presence
• Defeat anti-access threat overflight advantage
• Enabler for operations
• Enablers
• Responsive space access (Military Spaceplane)
• GMTI/AMTI (Space-Based Radar)
• Multi-phenomenology

Vigilance, Reach, and Power
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Key Roles for MSP

• Deterrence, Presence, Power Projection and
  Coercion
• Space Superiority
• Theater Integration
• Enhanced ISR for Full Spectrum Predictive
  Battlespace Awareness
• Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD)
• Rapid Strike -- Adversary Vital Interests
• Halt Phase Precision Strike forGlobal Strike
  Task Force
• Enable and Support Combat Search and Rescue
  Operations
• Support Homeland Defense

Globally Integrated Air and Space Striking Power
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MSP Operational Tasks

• Conduct Offensive and Defensive Counterspace
  Operations
• Radio Frequency and Microwave Systems
• Jamming
• Deploy Systems for and Conduct Operations to
  Provide
• Space Situational Awareness
• Reachback and Covert Communications
• Tactical Reconnaissance
• Battle Management and Intercept (GMTI and AMTI)
• Immediate and Post-strike Battle Damage
  Assessment
• Deliver Decisive Precision Firepower
• Covert and Non-nuclear strike (Immediate Response
  Option)
• Halt Phase
• Time Critical and Hardened Targets

17
Generating Space Power

• OPERATIONS
• Space Superiority
• Full Force Theater C2
• Responsive ISR
• Global Strike Operations
• Satellite Constellation Reconstitution

• ALERT ORDER
• Generate Sorties, Conduct Mission Planning
  and Schedule ATO Sorties
• Pre-position Payloads and Protection Assets
• Deploy Payloads as Required
• Confirm OPCON and TACON

• EXECUTION ORDER
• Recover and Replace Orbiting Systems
• On-demand Augmentation
• Maintain Sortie Turn Rate to Meet ATO
  Commitments

• WARNING ORDER
• Complete All MSP Maintenance
• Ready Quick-Launch and Strike Sorties
• Deploy Additional Payloads
• Recover and Replace Orbiting Systems as
  Required

18

Base Force

• Strategic Space
• Long duration, global mission
• Responsiveness limited by fixed orbits and
  strategic tasking
• Limited ability to replenish
• Limited data direct to theater
• No upgrades

• Crewed Aircraft
• May require some air superiority
• Significant forward support reqd
• Somewhat limited coverage area
• Highly responsive once deployed
• Upgrade-able

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

• Forward support reqd
• Limited area coverage
• Highly responsive once deployed
• Upgrade-able

Area of Interest
19
Enhanced and Execution Force

• Augmentation
• Launched on need into tailored orbits
• Mission-specific payloads (augment or replenish)
• Direct tasking from theater (assured data
  receipt)
• Upgrade-able until launched
• Possibly recoverable or reusable

Area of Interest
20
Space Combat Power
21
Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
22
Pre-Conflict GSTF Components
Warning
23
Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
24
Conflict GSTF Components
Space Superiority
Secure Comms
25
Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
26
BDA GSTF Components
Rapid Force Reconstitution
ISR (BDA/PBA)
27
Sustained Operations
28
Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
29
Military Spaceplane Combat Operations
30
Sources Driving Requirements for Force
Transformation

• Deriving the MSP Combat Niche

31
Achieving Information and Decision Superiority

• Forces that Operate with the Capability to
• Operate Inside the Adversarys Decision Cycle
• Combine Both Precision and Speed
• Respond Rapidly and Potently to the Full Range of
  Contingencies
• Are Parallel, Continuous and Seamless Rather Than
  Sequential, Scheduled and Segmented
• Match Tactical Actions to Strategic and
  Operational Ends
• Critical Elements
• Command and Control
• Information and Communications
• Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
• Information Operations

Source QDR Transformation Study Report, 27
April 2001
32
Information and Decision Superiority

• Key Operational Capabilities
• Cohesive, Always Available, Joint C2 System
• People, Networks and Decision Tools
• Rapid Decisive Ops w/Distributed Joint Forces
• Full Spectrum Operations
• Enabling Capabilities
• Joint Rather Than Service Headquarters
• Standards of Readiness, Response and Performance
• Integrated Planning, Execution and Assessment
• Implement Family of Interoperable Operating
  Pictures
• Web-based, Robust, Wide-band, Ubiquitous Networks
• Integrated Space-based Capabilities and Airborne
  Relay Providing Global Reach
• Passive, Flexible Tactical Entry Portal into the
  Network
• Accelerate Fielding of Joint Airborne
  Communications Relays for Tactical and
  Ground-Air-Space Connectivity
• Develop and Field National EHF and Laser SATCOM
  Systems

Source QDR Transformation Study Report, 27
April 2001
33
Information and Decision Superiority

• Key Operational Capabilities
• Engagement Quality, Shared, Comprehensive,
  Dynamic Depiction of the Entire Battle Space
• Shape the Battle
• Engage Targets
• Sensor-to-Shooter and Sensor-to-Decider-to-Action
  
• Enabling Capabilities
• Networked ISR Assets
• Tasking, Fusion, Tracking, Discrimination and
  Other Sensor Exploitation Systems
• Everything on Network is a Sensor (Eyeball, Laser
  Range Finder, Smart Weapons)
• High Density
• Upgrades of Airborne Sensors, More UAVs,
  Introduction of Space-based Radar
• Multi-Phenomenology Advanced Radars, HSI/MSI,
  Unattended Ground Sensors
• Responsive to Joint Force Commander
• Pre-hostility Presence
• Engagement
• Intelligence Preparation of the
  Battlespace/Predictive Battlespace Awareness
• ISR Deterrent (Coercive Spacepower)

Source QDR Transformation Study Report, 27
April 2001
34
Precision Strike

• Forces that Deter, Assure, Dissuade with the
  Capability to
• Rapidly Respond Globally With U.S. Based Long
  Range Forces
• Integrate With Single Joint Force Package
• Enable Alert Force Posturing to Demonstrate U.S.
  Resolve
• Critical Elements
• Long Range Precision Attack
• Time Critical Precision Targeting
• Supporting Forces
• Direct Force Insertion

Source QDR Transformation Study Report, 27
April 2001
35
Ops CapabilitiesPrecision Strike Maneuver

• Key Operational Capabilities
• Rapid Application of Joint Forces
• Directly to Centers of Gravity
• Minimal Intermediate Staging Bases or
  SupportBuildup
• Flexibility to Recast or Reorient Forces in the
  Midst of Conflict
• Ability to Apply Decisive Combat Power Throughout
  the Battle Area
• Enabling Capabilities
• Project Forces from Home Station Directly into
  Forward Ops Area
• Place the Right Force in the Right Place at the
  Right Time
• Overcome Enemy Anti-Access Measures
• Quickly Move, Shift or Reconfigure Forces
• Simultaneously Concentrate Overwhelming Combat
  Power
• Light Lethal High Mobility Systems
• Apply Force Visibility to Effectively Exploit
  Movement Capability
• Fire Support for Land Operations and Deep Strike

Source QDR Transformation Study Report, 27
April 2001
36
Ops CapabilitiesPrecision Strike Maneuver

• Key Operational Capabilities
• Rapid Application of Joint Forces
• Directly to Centers of Gravity
• Minimal Intermediate Staging Bases or Support
  Buildup
• Flexibility to Recast or Reorient Forces in the
  Midst of Conflict
• Ability to Apply Decisive Combat Power Throughout
  the Battle Area
• Enabling Capabilities
• Project Forces from Home Station Directly into
  Forward Ops Area
• Place the Right Force in the Right Place at the
  Right Time
• Overcome Enemy Anti-Access Measures
• Quickly Move, Shift or Reconfigure Forces
• Simultaneously Concentrate Overwhelming Combat
  Power
• Light Lethal High Mobility Systems
• Apply Force Visibility to Effectively Exploit
  Movement Capability
• Fire Support for Land Operations and Deep Strike

Source QDR Transformation Study Report, 27
April 2001
37
Dominating Land, Sea, Air and Space Battlespace

• Forces that are Decisive on Any Battlefield with
  the Capability to
• Respond Globally to Build on Forward Deployed and
  Rapid Response Forces
• Integrate With or Absorb Previously Deployed
  Operating Forces into a Single Integrated
  Campaign Force
• Provide all Required Force Sustainment
• Conduct Robust Space, Ground, Sea and Air
  Campaign Through Integrated Fires and
  ManeuverEnabled by Advanced Intelligence and
  Logistics
• Critical Elements
• Command and Control
• Maneuver and Mobility
• Intelligence
• Fires
• Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Defenses

Source QDR Transformation Study Report, 27
April 2001
38
Dominating Land, Sea, Air and Space Battlespace

• Key Operational Capabilities
• Predictive Battlespace Awareness
• Continuous Command and Control
• Rapid Application of Joint Forces Directly to
  Centers of Gravity With Minimal Intermediate
  Staging Bases or Support Buildup
• Flexibility to Recast or Reorient Forces in the
  Midst of Conflict
• Apply Decisive Combat Power Throughout the Battle
  Area
• Enabling Capabilities
• Ability to Project Combat Power from Home Station
  Directly Into Forward Operating Areas
• Standards of Readiness, Response and Performance
• Integrated Planning, Execution and Assessment
• Implement Family of Interoperable Operating
  Pictures
• Web-based, Robust, Wide-band, Ubiquitous Networks
• Integrated Space-based Capabilities and Airborne
  Relay Providing Global Reach
• Passive, Flexible Tactical Entry Portal into the
  Network
• Accelerate Fielding of Joint Airborne
  Communications Relays for Tactical and
  Ground-Air-Space Connectivity
• Develop and Field National EHF and Laser SATCOM
  Systems

Source QDR Transformation Study Report, 27
April 2001
39
MSP Sensor Payloads
40
Possible ISR Data and Control Concept
41
TacSpace ISR Tasking Flow to Theater
one notional tasking flow others are possible
NCA
Request/Approval
TacSpace Requirements
Unified Commands Other DoD National Agencies
JCS/ROD
TacSat Tasked
Resource Approval
USJFCOM
Wartime Tasking Procedures
TacSat Commit
CINC/JFC
USSPC
Resources Allocated
J2 / J3 JIC / JRC
JFSCC SOC
AFSPC
Tasking Coordination
Mission Planning
Track
Execute
TacSat Wing
TacSat DET / OPS
Launch/Operations
Requirements
In Theater Operations
JFACC space equivalent