Overview:

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• Overview
• Introduction to the skull
• Cranial bones and spaces
• Branchial or Pharyngeal Arches
• Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
• Branchial artery, nerve, cartilage, and muscles
• Development of tongue
• Branchial pouches and glands

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• Skull Compartments External to the Vault
• Orbit
• Temporal Fossa
• Infratemporal Fossa
• External Ear (Auricle and External Acoustic
  Meatus)

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Skull Compartments Internal to the Vault 1.
Anterior Cranial Fossa 2. Middle Cranial Fossa 3.
Posterior Fossa 4. Nasal Simuses (nasal
cavity) 5. Paranasal Sinuses 6. Hypophyseal
Fossa 7. Pterygopalatine Fossa 8. Middle and
Inner Ear 9. Cerebellar Fossa
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• Three Regions and Mechanisms of Cranial Growth
• Neurocranium (vault) sutural growth and
  remodeling.
• Chondrocranium (base) synchondrosal growth and
  remodeling.
• Viscerocranium (mid-and lower-face) branchial
  arch cartilages and significant remodeling.

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• Membranous Bones of the Vault
• Frontal
• Parietals (2)
• Temporals (2) also has synchondrosal portion
• Occipital

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• Major Synchondroses of the Skull
• Spheno-ethmoidal
• Spheno-occipital
• Named Sutures of the Skull
• Sagittal
• Coronal
• Squamous
• Lambdoid
• Early Fontanelles
• Superoanterior (soft spot)
• Superoposterior (hair whirl)
• Anterolateral
• Posterolateral

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• Cartilaginous Bones of the Cranial Base
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid
• Temporals (2) also has membranous portion
• Occipital

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• Facial Skeleton
• (Membranous Growth and Branchial Arches)
• Frontal
• Nasal bones (2)
• Zygomatic processes of the temporals (2)
• Maxillae (2)
• Zygomatic bones (2)
• Mandible

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mn membranous neurocranium, cn cartilaginous
neurocranium, mv membranous viscerocranium, cv
cartilaginous viscerocranium.
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