We can no longer allow Americas dependence on foreign oil to compromise our energy security' Instead

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Chapter 4 Energy, Chemistry, and Society

• We can no longer allow Americas dependence on
  foreign oil to compromise our energy security.
  Instead, we must invest in inventing new ways to
  power our cars and our economy. Ill put my faith
  in American science and ingenuity any day before
  I depend on Saudi Arabia.- Senator John Kerry-
• "The United States cannot afford to wait for the
  next energy crisis to marshal its intellectual
  and industrial resources.... Our growing
  dependence on increasingly scarce Middle Eastern
  oil is a fool's gamethere is no way for the rest
  of the world to win. Our losses may come suddenly
  through war, steadily through price increases,
  agonizingly through developing-nation poverty,
  relentlessly through climate changeor through
  all of the above."James Woolsey, US Director of
  Central Intelligence 1993 - 1995

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Quiz 12

• Determine the percent composition of the asked
  for element of the compounds
• Oxygen in CO2
• Hydrogen in NH3
• Sulfur in SO3

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Chapter 4 Energy, Chemistry, and Society
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What do you think of when you hear the word
ENERGY?
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ENERGY

• Chemical Things we will need to know
• Definitions of and about energy
• The laws of thermodynamics
• 1 2 and 3
• Hesses Law ( how chemists keep track of energy)
• Reaction Path ways
• Balanced Chemical equations
• Molecular Rearrangements
• Isomers

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Per capita energy consumption 1995
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GDP/capita vs. energy consumption / capita
I N T E R N A T IO N A L E N E RGY A G E N CY
2006
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Petroleum from where does the U.S. import it?
2003 U.S. consumption was 180 billion
gallons. Over 57 of it was imported.
The U.S. has 5 of the worlds population, yet
consumes 25 of the oil produced worldwide.
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Percentage of daily oil imports by Top 15
Supplying Countries First half of 2008
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Terms that need to be defined
Energy is the capacity to do work.
Work is movement against a force (w f x d).
Heat is energy that flows from a hotter to a
colder object.
Temperature determines the direction of heat flow.
Heat is a consequence of motion at the molecular
level temperature is a measure of the average
speed of that motion.
4.2
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What are units of energy?
The joule (J) 1 J is the amount of energy
required to raise a 1-kg object 10 cm against the
force of gravity.
The calorie (cal) 1 cal is the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water
by 1 oC.
1 calorie 4.184 J 1 kcal 1000 cal 1 Cal (1
dietary cal)
So that 450 Cal doughnut is really 450,000
calories! (Thats ok you burn between 1,500,000
and 2,500,00 c /day justs sitting there taking
notes
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Diagram of a Power Plant
electricity
work
heat
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Power plants are inevitably inefficient
Potential energy (chemical bonds)
The First Law of Thermodynamics Energy is
neither created nor destroyed, but may be
transformed from one form to another.
burner
Heat energy
Taking random, thermal energy and transforming it
into ordered work goes against the Second Law of
Thermodynamics.
gas turbine
Mechanical energy
Second Law of Thermodynamics the entropy of the
universe is increasing That is to say disorder is
increasing
generator
Electrical energy
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Power plants are inevitably inefficient
Potential energy (chemical bonds)
Second Law of Thermodynamics the entropy of the
universe is increasing That is to say disorder is
increasing
burner
Heat energy
Much of the heat goes out the smoke stack as to
molecules of CO2 and H2O which are much more
disorganized than the oil or gas or coal that we
started with
gas turbine
Mechanical energy
generator
A second area of loss is the water that is heated
by the cooling of the steam back to water
Electrical energy
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