Measurement, Verification,

1

• Measurement, Verification,
• and Commissioning

2
Why You Need MV

• To assure yourself that the project is performing
  as expected
• To report achieved savings to HUD
• To assure savings persistence
• To verify a savings guarantee or calculate the
  ESCO payment
• To establish basis for savings adjustments if
  needed

3
MV Needs to Address 3 Things

• How baseline of energy use or costs will be
  established
• How energy savings after project installation
  will be determined
• How the baseline will be adjusted if large
  changes in the operation of the building occur
  after project installation

4
The Concept of MV Can be Simple

• For Example
• Average of energy bills for last 3 years gives a
  baseline of energy use or energy costs
• Compare energy bills after project installation
  to baseline to determine savings
• If large changes in the operation of the building
  occur, it may be necessary to adjust the baseline

5
Measurement and Verification Steps

• Pre-ECM Installation
• Establish baseline energy use established with
  most recent 3 years of utility data (usually the
  rolling base for contract)
• Verify baseline conditions occupancy patterns,
  vacancy rates, equipment usage
• Determine appropriate MV methodology to use and
  necessary details for data collection and
  reporting

6
Measurement and Verification Steps (cont.)

• Post-ECM Installation
• Verify installation and correct operation
• Verify ongoing potential to generate savings
• Adjust baseline energy use for material and
  weather changes, if necessary
• Quantify post-installation energy use
• Quantify energy and cost savings
• Report savings to HA on monthly or quarterly
  basis (annually to HUD)

7
Elements of Savings Determination
ECMs Installed Here
2) Baseline or Adjusted Baseline
1) Baseline
Energy Usage
Contracted Savings
3) Post-ECM Performance
Apparent Savings
Time
8
Definitions

• Baseline mutually agreed upon, calculated or
  measured energy use and cost, usually an average
  of most previous 3 years of utility data
• Post-ECM performance post-ECM calculated or
  measured energy use and cost
• Adjusted baseline adjustments due to changes
  beyond the ESCOs control, such as
• Occupancy, equipment loading or efficiencies, or
  building usage changes
• Set point changes
• Physical changes to a building
• Weather

9
Definitions (cont.)

• Adjusted baseline adjustments due to changes
  beyond the ESCOs control, such as
• Occupancy or building usage
• Set point temperatures or scheduling
• Physical changes to building envelope or
  structure
• Weather conditions
• Equipment loading and/or operating efficiency
• Recent maintenance work that affects equipment
  operation or performance
• Utility rate adjustment

10
Calculating Savings
Baseline
Apparent Savings
Measured/ Calculated/ Stipulated Post-ECM Performa
nce


Measured/ Calculated/ Stipulated Post-ECM Performa
nce
Contracted Savings
Adjusted Baseline


11
Use Standard MV Protocols

• International Performance Measurement and
  Verification Protocol (IPMVP, formerly NEMVP)
• The general guideline a living document
• 1-800-DOE-EREC or http//www.eren.doe.gov
• Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) MV
  Guidelines
• Application of IPMVP for federal sector
• 1-800-DOE-EREC or http//www.eren.doe.gov
• American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and
  Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Guideline 14
• Technical foundation
• http//www.ashrae.org

12
MV Options

• A - Estimate performance operation by ECM
• B - Measure performance operation by ECM
• C - Measure combined performance/operation for
  whole building or site
• D - Calibrate a model to Option B and/or C data,
  estimate performance operation

13
MV Options Cost vs. Accuracy
Customer and ESCO balance cost and accuracy
14
MV Reporting Requirements

• Submitted monthly or quarterly (reports should
  clearly indicate performance period)
• Data from reports will be used for annual
  reconciliation with HUD (ensure that all
  necessary data is available)
• ESCOs should review reports quarterly with
  appropriate HA representative and request written
  acknowledgement/acceptance of report from HA
• Reports should have a summary page of savings
  followed by details on approach used,
  assumptions, data sources, and calculations

15
MV Reporting Requirements (cont.)

• Reports should thoroughly document baseline
  adjustments, modifications to ECMs and resulting
  savings impacts, duration of impacts, and
  reasoning for variations in performance
• ESCOs should provide contact information for MV
  inquiries by HAs
• Both cost and energy savings should be provided
  for each measure, where appropriate
• Details on changes in utility costs should be
  provided

16
MV Lessons Learned

• Pick the right option(s)
• Balance cost, accuracy, and technical
  appropriateness
• Baselines
• KISS (keep it simple stupid)
• If you have historical data, use it
• If not, collect what you need during project
  development
• Address baselines for every budget on the table
• Energy, maintenance, etc.

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MV Lessons Learned (cont.)

• Energy savings determination
• KISS (keep it simple stupid)
• Live up to your obligations (e.g., baseline
  adjustments)
• Establish means of addressing unreported material
  changes and other savings disputes

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Three Keys to Successful MV

• Keep it as simple as possible
• (1) It does need to provide a reasonable basis
  for determining the savings from your particular
  project
• (2) It does need to provide a reasonable basis
  for verifying guarantees or determining payments
• (3) It does not need to do more than (1) and (2)

19
Retrofit Commissioning

• What is it?
• Systematic process that ensures that retrofit
  systems are designed, installed, tested, and
  capable of being operated and maintained
  according to the owners needs
• Insurance policy ensures owners that projects
  will have expected (or higher) benefit-to-cost
  ratios and that buildings are safe and comfortable

20
Performance Frustrations

• 1994 study of 60 existing buildings
• 50 suffered from control problems
• 40 had problems with HVAC equipment
• 33 experienced sensor malfunction
• 25 had inoperable EMCS, economizers, and/or
  variable-speed drives
• 15 were missing specified equipment

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Benefits of Commissioning

• Quality Assurance
• prevents problems from developing (fewer
  maintenance headaches)
• anticipates and regulates system interaction
• implements a method of meeting mechanical,
  electrical, and control requirements (incl.
  maintenance of equipment warranties)

22
Benefits of Commissioning (cont.)

• Confirms Owners/Design Intent
• resolves design problems
• improves performance of building equipment
• improves interactions between building systems
• improves IAQ and occupant comfort

23
TAB and Commissioning

• Testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB)
• adjustment of building air and water flows to
  meet design specifications
• does not ensure operational performance
  (efficiency, control, system interaction)
• a component of Commissioning
• Commissioning is broader in scope
• diagnostic tests collect operational data to
  determine whether problems exist
• functional tests apply procedures that may
  reveal causes of problems (efficiency,
  operational flaws)

24
The Commissioning Team

• Building Owner or Owners Representative
• Commissioning Agent (ESCO Representative or 3rd
  Party)
• Designers
• Installation Contractor/Manufacturers
  Representative
• Building Operator
• Testing Specialist

25
Commissioning Plan

• Drafted by Cx Agent (included in ESA), finalized
  with input from Cx team
• Addresses the following issues
• Scope or level of commissioning
• Commissioning schedule
• Team member responsibilities
• Communication, reporting, and management
  protocols
• Documentation requirements
• Detailed scope of testing
• Detailed scope of monitoring
• Recommended training format

26
Design Intent Documentation

• Occupants assumed intention of the design and of
  the operation of the building
• Detailed explanation and documentation of ideas,
  concepts, and criteria that define acceptable
  building operation
• Defined by bid specifications for each system
• The commissioning agent must ensure that actual
  performance of the building meets the design
  intent

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Design Intent Documentation (cont.)

• Addresses the following issues
• System description
• Objectives and functional use of system
• Occupancy requirements
• IAQ
• Performance criteria (efficiency, energy,
  tolerances of IAQ)
• Budget considerations and limitations
• Restrictions and limitations of the facilitys
  systems

28
Commissioning Costs
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Commissioning Costs (cont.)
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Must-Commission Retrofits

• Lighting control (daylighting, occupancy sensors)
• Energy management control systems/strategies
• Pneumatic equipment
• HVAC-related plant equipment
• Air-distribution systems