What is an organisation

1
What is an organisation?

• Organisations are social arrangements for
  achieving controlled performance in pursuit of
  collective goals.
• (Buchanan Huczynski 1997)

2
What is an organisation?

• Social arrangements

• Collections of people who interact with each
  other in particular ways
• NOT a unique or a distinguishing feature of an
  organisation.

3
What is an Organisation?

• Collective Goals

• Membership implies shared objectives or
  collective goals.
• Again NOT a unique or a distinguishing feature of
  an organisation.

4
What is an organisation?

• Controlled Performance
• This is the defining feature of an organisation

• Setting performance standards, measuring actual
  performance and comparing these.
• Take action to correct actual performance when
  gaps arise

5
Reframing (Bolman Deal 1997)

• Concept allows us to understanding the
  organisation form a number of perspectives
  (frames)
• structural frame
• political frame
• human resource frame
• symbolic frame

6
Why is reframing helpful?

• Help us to see aspects of the organisation in new
  and different ways.
• Generates new ideas about the needs of the
  organisation.
• helps us learn form people around us and become
  more flexible in responding to organisational
  events.

7
Organisational Development (French Bell 1997)

• OD prepares today's managers to cope with the
  role of change to be flexible adaptive in a
  changing environment to be able to diagnose
  problems and implement appropriate change
  programmes to be proactive.

8
Organisational Development

• OD is a new discipline applying behavioural
  science to help organisations adapt to change
• OD aims to improve organisational effectiveness
  as well as enhancing the development of its
  members

9
A Model of Change(Schein 1996)

• Stage 1 Unfreezing
• Stage 2 Changing
• Stage 3 Refreezing

10
Stage 1 Unfreezing

• Create motivation readiness to change
• use forcefield analysis
• This can be a long and difficult stage

11
Stage 2 Changing

• A relatively quick stage where the identified
  change is implemented.

12
Stage 3 Refreezing

• A long process
• allow time for refreezing before introducing
  another change

13
OD Interventions

• If the only tool you have is a hammer, then
  youll treat everyone as though they were a nail.
• (Maslow)

14
OD Interventions

• Assessment activities/problem identification
• Communicate and encourage ownership of problem by
  those involved.
• Help to generate goals to solve problem
• Facilitate achievement of goals
• Review progress and evaluate