Latin American Independence

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Latin American Independence

• Honors World History
• Joanie Garratt

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Colonial social system

• Peninsulares
• Creoles
• Mestizos
• Mulattos
• Slaves
• Native Americans

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Haiti How the French Revolution influenced
other parts of the world

• Haiti declared independence during Fr Rev
• Toussaint LOverture
• 1801 independent
• 1902 Napoleon tried to retake the island
• Nap tries again
• In 1804 Haiti becomes 1st black colony to free
  itself

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Mexico Father Miguel Hidalgo

• Priest believes in Enlightenment principles
• Organizes a revolt of mestizos Indians
• El Grito de D
• Moralos leads after Hidalgo is executed
• Independence in 1821

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Latin America

• Creole influenced by Enlightenment
• Uses 1808 French invasion of Spain as opportunity
• Together with Jose de San Martin they liberate
  all of Latin America by 1824
• His goal was to unite South America as one country

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Simon Bolivar

• He succeeded in creating Gran Colombia which
  consisted of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador but
  it fell apart due to rivalries and nationalism of
  individual countries.

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Gran Colombia

• After independence Latin America fell victim to
  civil wars.
• It would be a long time before stability would be
  restored.

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The Jamaica Letter

• Bolivar wrote the Jamaica Letter while in exile.
• Expresses his disillusionment because Latin
  America is not ready for liberal democracy.

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Bolivars Legacy
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Brazil

• French invasion
• Royal family frees sets up gov in Brazil
• Later family returns
• Achieved independence without any bloodshed.
• Creoles ask for independence for Dom Padro as
  their leader.

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Political Impact

• Latin America greatly influenced by the
  Enlightenment French Revolution
• Although they achieved independence they did not
  achieve democracy
• Class struggles and bitter rivalries among
  nations arose.
• Bolivars dream of a Gran Colombia (unification
  of all or most of Latin America) never
  materialized.