Monitoring and Surveillance

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Monitoring and Surveillance

• By Tim Maguire
• Sean Skelly
• Dennis Bower
• Keith Benenati

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Introduction

• What is surveillance used for
• Monitoring production
• Security
• Discipline
• Feedback
• Training
• Theft prevention

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• YouTube - CCTV In London England

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Monitoring Technologies

• Integrated IP Surveillance Systems
  Wi-Fi MESH Wireless
• Trailer-mounted Surveillance
  Point to Point Wireless
• Mega-Pixel Network Cameras
  Point to Multi-Point
• Thermal Imaging Cameras
  Cellular Ethernet
• Solar Power Integration
  GPS Monitoring
• Wireless Sensors
  
• Enterprise Network Video Recording Software
  (NVR)
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

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Monitoring in Major Cities

• New York City has the largest and oldest system,
  with more than 7,000 public and private
  surveillance cameras.
• New Orleans has installed more than 200 wireless
  digital cameras in locations that include housing
  projects, cruise terminals and the French
  Quarter.
• Baltimore is putting in a 2 million network of
  more than 90 surveillance cameras in the Inner
  Harbor tourist area and high-crime neighborhoods.

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Monitoring in Major Cities

• Chicago is adding 250 cameras in high-crime areas
  and plans to link the 2,000 that monitor public
  housing, the transit system and public buildings,
  so their feeds can all be watched at the city's
  emergency operations center.

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Monitoring in Major Cities

• Los Angeles has installed anti-crime video
  cameras in three neighborhoods, paid for by local
  businesses and the Motion Picture Association of
  America, which wants to thwart street sales of
  bootleg DVDs.

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Monitoring in Major Cities

• In San Francisco and Washington, subway stations
  and platforms are under constant surveillance by
  closed-circuit television cameras.
• New Jersey Transit uses computer software that
  automatically alerts the police when an
  unattended package shows up on video monitors.
• The light-rail system in Houston plans to enable
  its onboard security cameras to transmit live
  images, wirelessly, to police cruisers

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What Are Other Countries Doing?

• Many countries are using CCTV(closed-circuit
  television).
• Australia.
• China.
• United Kingdom.
• U.S.

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Why Use Surveillance?

• Countries are using surveillance for a number of
  reasons.
• Reduce crimes/deter violence
• Deter driving violations
• Catch terrorists/other wanted individuals

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History of Street Surveillance in the U.K.

• Started in 1961
• Speed cameras and red-light enforcement cameras
  installed in 1992.
• By August of 1996 all of England's major cities
  had video surveillance systems installed except
  one, Leeds.

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Closer Look at The UK

• The number of CCTV cameras in Britain is 4.2
  million! Thats one camera for every 14 people.
• It is estimated that on a single day a person can
  expect to be filmed 300 times.
• 500 million pounds (944 million dollars) has been
  spent on the installation of CCTV cameras over
  the past decade.
• Three quarters of the crime prevention budget is
  now spent on CCTV.

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Reactions and Feelings?

• Crime reduction?
• Speed traps?
• Civil liberty concerns?

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• YouTube - CCTV Talk Back In London England

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History of Work Place Surveillance

• Not a new issue
• Around since at least 1900s
• Milton Hershey
• Monitored employees grass
• Hired teams to find littering employees in parks

• Henry Ford
• Sociological department
• Monitored employee Hygiene habits

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Monitoring is everywhere in the workplace

• How common is it?
• 1993 20 million Americans were under computer
  surveillance while at work
• 1997 37.5 of all employers use a surveillance
  device to spy on workers
• 2000 75 of employers.

• 400 million phone calls are eavesdropped on every
  year by employers

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What do they look at and how do they do look for
it?

• Employers use keystroke programs, eavesdrop on
  calls, monitor websites visited and use cameras.
• Employers owns the system that the e-mail is
  transmitted over
• Employers can intercept, read and search
  employees e-mail that is stored on work computers

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What are they looking forCont.

• 2004 Survey
• 74 of employers monitor incoming and outgoing
  e-mails
• 60 monitor employees internet connections
• Most technology is invisible to the employee

• Companies monitor blogs and may fire based on
  posting
• Active badges are the way of the future
• Allow employees to be tracked all day while in
  the building

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Benefits of workplace monitoring

• Enables companies to provide feedback to
  employees based on production
• Helps companies minimize theft
• Helps companies weed out poor employees
• Reward high performers
• Keeps employees safe in the workplace

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Drawbacks

• Feelings of privacy loss
• Results in a loss of connection with organization
• More time spent worrying by employees
• Results in production decrease

• Study
• 134 subjects
• Monitored while doing correction tasks
• Each subject prompted that they were being
  monitored for quality, quantity, or neither
• Subjects being monitored decreased in production

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Legal Issues of Monitoring

• Electronic Communications Privacy Act
• Intended to restrict government power in wire
  taps and electronic data transmission via
  computers
• USA Patriot Act
• The Uniting and Strengthening America by
  Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept
  and Obstruct Terrorism Act
• Result of 9/11 terrorist attacks
• Weakened power of ECPA

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International Legal Issues

• Monitoring in London
• CCTV
• Innocent until proven guilty?
• Australian Laws
• Telecommunications Privacy Act (1979)
• 1997 Amendment
• Surveillance Devices Act (2004)
• Workplace Surveillance Bill (2005)

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How Can We Protect Ourselves?

• Ambiguity of privacy laws for private companys
  gives employers nearly absolute computer
  monitoring rights
• American Civil Liberties Union
• Fight against unfair employer practices
• Hotline for inappropriate privacy practices
• IT monitoring, drug testing, video surveillance
• Work Place Fairness.org

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How Can We Protect Ourselves contd.

• National Work Rights Institution
• Delawares Right
• Connecticut and Delaware are only 2 states that
  require employers to notify workers their e-mail
  is being monitored
• Contact your State Department of Labor

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QUESTIONS