The 60s

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The 60s

• An Era of Change

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Change in the 60s

• Social change
• demographics
• culture

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Change in the 60s

• Social change
• demographics
• culture
• relations with the United States

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CHICAGO 1968
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KENT STATE 1970
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Canadian National Self-Image

• The Peaceful Evolution theme in Canadian history

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Canadian National Self-Image

• The Peaceful Evolution theme in Canadian
  history
• contrast with the U.S.
• revolution vs. evolution

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Canadian National Self-Image

• The Peaceful Evolution theme in Canadian
  history
• contrast with the U.S.
• revolution vs. evolution
• Seymour Martin Lipset, Revolution and
  Counterrevolution The United States and Canada
  in The Revolutionary Theme in Contemporary
  America, Thomas Ford (ed.) 1965 UWO call
  E169.1.F738
• Continental Divide The Values and Institutions
  of United States and Canada (NY 1990)

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Canadian National Self-Image

• The Peaceful Evolution theme in Canadian
  history
• contrast with the U.S.
• revolution vs. evolution
• even towards civil rights

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Canadian National Self-Image

• The Peaceful Evolution theme in Canadian
  history
• contrast with the U.S.
• revolution vs. evolution
• even towards civil rights
• Justified?

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Demographic Change

• Population Increase (National)
• 1960 17.9 million
• 1970 21.3 million
• 19 increase

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Demographic Change

• Population Increase (National)
• 1960 17.9 million
• 1970 21.3 million
• 19 increase
• (but over 30 in the 50s)

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Demographic Change

• Population Increase (Provincial)
• Ontario 1960-1970 24
• Western Canada 19
• Maritimes 10

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Demographic Change
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Demographic ChangeLanguage Groups
Language Groups (millions)
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Demographic Change

• Immigration
• 1960s - 1.4 million immigrants to Canada
• 1950s - 1.5 million

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Demographic Change

• Immigration
• 1960s - 1.4 million immigrants to Canada
• 1950s - 1.5 million
• 1961 8.4 of pop. recent immigrants
• 1971 6.6

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Structural Change
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Structural Change

• Social services
• Education

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Structural Change

• Social services
• 1960 56 million patient-days in hospitals
• 1970 61 million

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Structural Change

• Social services
• universal public health insurance
• Saskatchewan 1947
• Federal 1968

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Structural Change

• Education

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EDUCATIONAL SPENDING IN CANADA,
1960-1970 (billions)
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FULL-TIME STUDENTS IN CANADA, 1960-1970 (millions)
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PERCENTAGE OF CANADIANS AGED 18-24 in
Post-Secondary Education, 1960-1970
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PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY
STUDENTS, 1960-1970
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PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE PROFESSIONAL
SCHOOL STUDENTS, 1960-1975