Negative Punishment

1
Negative Punishment

• The removal of a stimulus contingent upon a
  response resulting in a decrease in the future
  occurrence of that response

2
Types of Negative Punishment I Timeout from
Positive Reinforcement

• This involves the removal of access to the
  sources of reinforcement for a particular time
  period
• This can be accomplished in 3 ways
• 1. The behaving person is removed from a
  reinforcing environment
• 2. The reinforcing environment is removed for
  some stipulated duration
• 3. The opportunity to obtain reinforcement can
  be withdrawn
• This procedure is directed toward future
  reinforcement

3
Using Timeout Most Effectively

• Select a very specific behavior to decrease
• Remove ALL reinforcers from the undesired
  behavior
• Make sure the timeout area has no reinforcers
• Keep timeout relatively short
• Make sure the environment from which the child is
  being removed is reinforcing
• Timeout must be used consistently

4
Types of Negative Punishment IIResponse Cost

• A specified reinforcer already in the persons
  possession is taken away contingent on an
  undesirable behavior
• Using response cost most effectively
• 1. Build up a reinforcer reserve
• 2. Apply only after reinforcement has been
  administered for some time
• 3. Make sure the subject has much
  reinforcement left following penalties
• 4. Penalize sparingly if the client loses
  all reinforcement, it will devalue the
  reinforcement