AXIAL%20SKELETON

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AXIAL SKELETON

• Skull - 29 bones
• Thorax - 12 x 2 ribs sternum
• Vertebral Column - cervical 7 bones -
  thoracic 12 bones - lumbar 5 bones -
  coccyx 4 bones

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APPENDICULAR SKELETON

• Upper Extremities - shoulder to carpals - 32
  x 2 (right and left)
• Lower Extremities - pelvis to tarsals - 31 x
  2 (right and left)

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SKELETON FUNCTIONS

• Protect vital organs
• Support soft tissues - fascia, tendon, ligament
• Manufacture red blood cells
• Reservoir for minerals - calcium, phosphate
• Attachments for muscles
• Levers and Pulleys for muscle torques

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Physical Stress on Bones

• Compression - pressing together
• Tension - pulling apart
• Torsion - twisting
• Shear - tearing across

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Forces acting on player1. Racket Weight2. Air
Resistance3. Ball Impact4. Stroke Typegt flat
strokegt top spin stroke
SEE Fig 3-2 page 63 Basic Biomechanics4th
editionSusan J. Hall
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Properties of Tendons/Ligaments

• Elasticity - tissues ability to stretch and
  return to its original length
• Elastic Limit - point of no return to original
  length
• Plasticity - tissue stretched beyond Elastic
  Limit (stays lengthened)

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Factors - Stability of Articulation

• Bone Arrangement- strong one fits into other
  (knee, elbow joints)
• Ligament Arrangement - quality and quantity
• Muscle Arrangement stabilizing lines of force

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ROMRange of Motion
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ROM Factors (Range of Motion)

• Shape of Articulation - elbow versus shoulder
• Tightness of Muscles Ligaments
• Size of Adjacent Tissue - muscle, adipose
• Restrictive Clothing/Equipment/Devices