Sampling Methods for Lead TSP and PM10

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Sampling Methods for LeadTSP and PM10
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TSP
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Sampling Technique for Pb-TSP

• TSP is the indicator for Lead
• Includes ultra-coarse particles that might be
  missed by PM10 sampling
• Sampling efficiency varies according to wind
  speed and direction
• Acceptable precision and bias
• Sampler design already approved as FRM
• Low volume alternatives have not been fully
  characterized
• Most appropriate near sources and/or where
  emissions of ultra-coarse particles are expected

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What sampler designs are approved for Pb-TSP
sampling?

• Any TSP sampler design that meets the
  requirements of Appendix B to Part 50, Reference
  Method for the Determination of Suspended
  Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere (High-Volume
  Method) is acceptable as for use as a FRM sampler
  for Pb-TSP.
• Unlike other FRM samplers, EPA has not issued
  specific approvals for individual manufacturer
  versions of TSP samplers. Alternative types of
  flow control and measurement per sections 6.1 and
  6.2 of Appendix B are acceptable. Any
  adaptations to the peaked roof design should be
  consistent with the requirements of sections
  7.3.1 and 7.3.2 of Appendix B.

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Performance Characteristics
7.3.1 The sampler shelter shall a. Maintain the
filter in a horizontal position at least 1 m
above the sampler supporting surface so that
sample air is drawn downward through the
filter. b. Be rectangular in shape with a gabled
roof, similar to the design shown in Figure 1. c.
Cover and protect the filter and sampler from
precipitation and other weather. d. Discharge
exhaust air at least 40 cm from the sample air
inlet. e. Be designed to minimize the collection
of dust from the supporting surface by
incorporating a baffle between the exhaust outlet
and the supporting surface. 7.3.2 The sampler
cover or roof shall overhang the sampler housing
somewhat, as shown in Figure 1, and shall be
mounted so as to form an air inlet gap between
the cover and the sampler housing walls.This
sample air inlet should be approximately uniform
on all sides of the sampler.The area of the
sample air inlet must be sized to provide an
effective particle capture air velocity of
between 20 and 35 cm/sec at the recommended
operational flow rate. The capture velocity is
the sample air flow rate divided by the inlet
area measured in a horizontal plane at the lower
edge of the cover.Ideally, the inlet area and
operational flow rate should be selected to
obtain a capture air velocity of 25 2
cm/sec. Acceptable flow rate between 39 and 60
ft3/min actual conditions
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Re-conditioning Hi-vols for Use
Flow Recorder

• Check/replace gaskets
• Replace motor brushes/use brush-less motors
• Check tubing connecting flow measurement device
• Calibrate/check entire system and adjust
  flow-controller for optimum range
• Ensure flow standards are certified versus NIST
  standards
• Purchasing new units is a desirable option as
  well must meet App. B requirements

Flow Controller
Timer/Clock
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Sampling Technique for Pb-PM10

• Use of Pb-PM10 can be approved by the Regional
  Administrator in certain situations, see 40 CFR
  Part 58 Appendix C.
• High-volume PM10 samplers not approved for
  Pb-PM10 in support of NAAQS
• Low-volume PM10 are approved for Pb-PM10 to meet
  NAAQS monitoring objectives. Advantages include
• Omni-directional inlet
• Excellent precision and bias
• Already approved as FRMs
• Support sequential operation
• Sample data can also support PM10 NAAQS (when
  calculated at STP) and PM10-2.5 (LTP)

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What sampler designs are approved for Pb-PM10
sampling?

• Low-volume PM10 samplers that meet the
  requirements for PM10C samplers (as described in
  Appendix O of Part 50) can be used for Pb-PM10
  monitoring intended to meet NAAQS comparison
  objectives.
• Good rule of thumb if its an approved
  filter-based sampler for PM2.5 then you can use
  it for Pb-PM10
• just replace the PM2.5 separator with a
  straight-tube connector

http//www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteri
a/reference-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
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Related Issues

• Sampler spacing per 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix E
• High-volume samplers (and other types of samplers
  drawing more than 200 liters/min of air) should
  be spaced a minimum of 2 meters away from other
  samplers and inlet probes.
• Low-volume samplers should be placed a minimum of
  1 meter away from other samplers and inlet
  probes.
• Ensure that high volume sampler exhaust is ducted
  away from other samplers and probe inlets
• Remember to leave room on sampling platform for
  QA samplers (collocated sampling and/or Pb-PEP)

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Questions?