Respiration and Breathing

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Respiration and Breathing
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Video on Respiration
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Respiration

• Respiration is not just breathing in and out.
• Respiration takes place in all plant and animal
  cells for 24 hours a day.
• Respiration is the process of converting glucose
  into energy. It takes place in all plant and
  animal cells.
• There are two types of respiration
• Aerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration

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Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic means using oxygen (with air) and it is
the most efficient method of energy production
Word equation
Glucose Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water Energy
Symbol equation
C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O Energy
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Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic means without oxygen (without air). It
is not the best way way to make energy so is only
used when oxygen is in short supply.
Word equation for Humans
Glucose Lactic acid Energy
Word equation for yeast
Glucose Alcohol Carbon Dioxide Energy
Sometimes called Fermentation, it is used in
bread and wine making
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Problems with Anaerobic Respiration in Humans

• When our bodies cannot supply our muscles with
  enough oxygen they respire anaerobically,
  causing
• a build up lactic acid which is painful,
• an oxygen debt which must be repaid,
• a rise in pulse breathing rates.
• Recovery time depends on level of fitness.

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The Lungs
Larynx
Cartilage ring
Windpipe
Left lung
Bronchus
Heart
Right lung
Diaphragm
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Lungs and Breathing

• Trachea
• Bronchus
• Bronchiole
• Alveoli
• Ribs
• Intercostal muscles
• Diaphragm
• Plural fluid

• carries air from the mouth
• one goes to each lung
• small branching tubes split bronchi
• air sack where gasses are exchanged
• protect the heart and lungs
• pull ribs and sternum up and out
• moves up and down during breathing
• lubricates the thoracic cavity

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Video on Breathing
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Breathing In and Out
Inspiration
Expiration

• Diaphragm _______
• Intercostals _______
• Rib cage _________
• Thorax volume __________
• Air pressure ______
• Air drawn in

• Diaphragm ________
• Intercostals _______
• Rib cage _________
• Thorax volumes __________
• Air pressure _______
• Air forced out

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Breathing In and Out
Inspiration
Expiration

• Diaphragm contracts
• Intercostals contract
• Rib cage raised
• Thorax volume increases
• Air pressure lowered
• Air drawn in

• Diaphragm relaxes
• Intercostals relax
• Rib cage lowers
• Thorax volumes decreases
• Air pressure raised
• Air forced out

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Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled Air
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Diffusion in the Alveoli
Deoxygenated Blood
Air In Out
CO2
O2
Alveolus
Blood Capillary
Oxygenated Blood
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Structure and Function of Alveoli

• The Alveoli are where gaseous exchange takes
  place. For this they have
• an enormous surface area
• a moist lining
• very thin walls
• an excellent blood supply.
• Oxygen passes into the blood.
• Carbon dioxide passes out of the blood.

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Gas Exchange at the Cells
Body Cells
CO2
O2
Blood Capillary
Tissue Fluid
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Effects of Smoking on the Lungs

• Carbon Monoxide paralyses cilia so mucus cannot
  be carried away.
• Tar solidifies in the lungs irritating cells to
  produce more sticky mucus.
• Bronchitis.
• Emphysema
• Lung cancer.

cough cough
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Effects of Smoking on the Body

• Carbon Monoxide reacts with Haemoglobin
  preventing the carriage of Oxygen.
• Nicotine is addictive.
• Nicotine makes blood sticky causing blood
  pressure to rise.
• Heart attacks and strokes.