Keeping Buildings Clean

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Keeping Buildings Clean

• Building-in Control of Contaminants to Attain and
  Maintain IAQ Acceptability

Barney Burroughs
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CONTAMINANT CONTROL STRATEGIES

• Source Control
• Elimination/isolation
• Ventilation
• Dilution
• Filtration and Air Cleaning
• Extraction

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OUTDOOR SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTS

• Outdoor Air
• Walk-in Traffic
• Moisture
• Soil Gas
• Cross Contamination
• Exhaust
• Neighboring sources

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WHY OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY IS CRITICAL
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OUTDOOR AIR AT SITE LOCALE

• Urban Traffic
• Busiest Airport
• NAAQS Non-compliant
• Elevated Ozone
• Soil Out Gassing
• Prior steel mill Site
• Radon
• Green with Pollen
• Southern Temperature and Humidity

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INDOOR SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTS OCCUPANT RELATED

• Students
• Body chemistry, personal hygiene, shedding
• Student Activities
• Recreation and sports, art, science
• Learning Aids and Devices
• Computers
• Purposeful Activities
• Cleaning, cooking, insect control

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INDOOR SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTSBUILDING--RELATED

• Building Materials
• Manufactured Lumber
• Ceiling Tile
• Floor and Wall Coverings
• Finishes and Coatings
• IT Equipment and Related
• Desks, Furnishings, Fixtures

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SOURCE CONTROL STRATEGIES

• Control intrusion of radon and soil gases
• Soil depressurization
• Provide effective track off systems
• Avoid walk-in contaminants and moisture
• Minimize IAQ impact of cleaning
• Selection of low maintenance surfaces
• Provide local capture and point-source exhaust of
  contaminants
• Locate outdoor intake
• Avoid exhaust cross-over

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SOURCE CONTROL STRATEGIES

• Control emissions through material and component
  selection
• Employ pre-installation venting and air out of
  components
• Employ initial flush out of building

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SOURCE CONTROL STRATEGIESCOMPONENT SELECTION

• Review MSDS for chemical content
• Review component out-gassing test and rate data
• Identify Contaminants of Concern (CoC)
• Select Cognizant Authority to determine exposure
  limit(s) of acceptability

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MATERIAL SELECTION APPLIED
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FILTRATION AND AIR CLEANING (FAC)Using FAC for
IAQ Enhancement

• Improving Polluted Outdoor Air
• Ozone and acid gas control
• PM2.5
• Keeping Building Surfaces Cleaner
• HVAC distribution
• Reduction of COC
• Viable/pathogenic particles
• Treating of Troublesome Exhaust
• Augmenting Ventilation using the IAQ P

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FAC AT WORK
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GETTING TO KNOW MERV

• Minimum Efficiency after Conditioning
• Specific size fractions
• Over the entire loading curve
• Provides easy selection from Composite CurveMERV
• MERVEfficiency only
• Life cycle
• Space
• Pressure drop/energy

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TYPICAL COMPOSITE CURVE
Permission granted by ASHRAE, Standard
52.2-2007, Method of Testing General Ventilation
Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by
Particle Size
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GETTING TO KNOW AIR CLEANING

• Sorption is chemical specific and sorbent
  specific and it depends..
• Concentration and dwell time prevail
• Life cycle is variable and unpredictable
• ASHRAE Standard 145.1 published

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GETTING THE MOST OUT OF YOUR FILTER SELECTIONA
BALANCING ACT

• Look at. . .
• Footprint
• Pressure drop
• Gasketing and seal
• Filter bank location
• Filter bank sizing
• Life cycle costing
• Pre-filtration

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EMPLOYING FAC WITH THE IAQ PROCEDURE

• FAC augments/replaces ventilation
• Acceptable in Standard 62 since 1981
• Requires more engineering rigor and evaluation
• Requires variance from most code authorities
• Enables energy reduction and operational savings

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WHEN BEST TO CONSIDER THE IAQ PROCEDURE

• Outdoor air is unreliable
• High internal contaminant load requires excessive
  ventilation
• CoC are known and measurable
• People load is dense and diverse
• Outdoor air has high humidity and temperature
  extremes
• Enhanced FAC already employed

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APPLYING THE IAQP
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SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS

• Consider Contamination Control Throughout
• Apply Source Control Tactics first
• Apply Ventilation with Knowledge
• Employ Enhanced FAC Efficiency
• Never Apply FAC without Seal
• Consider FAC Life Cycle Cost
• With enhanced FAC is used, consider the IAQP