Suspicious increases in Reserves

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Suspicious increases in Reserves
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reserves
Some of these sudden increases may be tied to
OPEC decision to tie production Quotas to
reserves.
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Value Proposition for Coal Transformation
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Biomass Energy
http//www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html
As of 2007, Biomass made up 53 of the US
renewable energy budget, or a little less than 4
of the total US energy budget.
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Biomass Energy
Heat and/or electricity
HK 17.1
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2004 EthanolProduction Facilities
In Aug. 2006 there were 101 plants producing
4.9Billion gallons www.ksgrains.com/ethanol/use
th.html
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Sites for Ethanol Energy budget

• http//www.futurepundit.com/archives/002722.html
• http//www.ethanol.org/documents/NetEnergyBalancei
  ssuebrief_000.pdf
• http//petroleum.berkeley.edu/papers/patzek/CRPS41
  6-Patzek-Web.pdf
• http//petroleum.berkeley.edu/papers/patzek/CRPS-B
  iomassPaper.pdf
• http//www.hubbertpeak.com/pimentel/bioscience/con
  servation/conservation.pdf
• http//hubbert.mines.edu/news/Pimentel_98-2.pdf

Bio-Diesel Websites

• http//www.biodiesel.org/
• http//www.biodiesel.com/
• http//www.dancingrabbit.org/biodiesel/

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Energetics

http//www.ethanol-gec.org/corn_eth.htm
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Ethanol Energetics
Is there a net energy gain? 35 if ethanol
produced from grain 50-60 if ethanol produced
from grain and cellulosic biomass Compare this
to sugar cane where the gain is on the order of
700 (or petroleum where it is even bigger).
http//www.mda.state.mn.us/renewable/renewablefuel
s/balance.htm (an amusing sidebar on the dangers
of believing everything you read on the internet
what this article says about gasoline cannot be
true). The US petroleum industry states that
refining consumes about 3Quads/yr (http//www1.eer
e.energy.gov/industry/petroleum_refining/pdfs/band
width.pdf)
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Excerpts from Talk by Rob Swain at IIN
alternative E conf. 28 Sept. 2005http//www.indi
anainnovation.com/events/2005/energy.asp

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Key ConclusionsState of Indiana Agriculture

• Indiana must quickly enter the biofuels game
  given its explosion and our natural advantages.

US Ethanol Plants
US Biodiesel Plants
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Challenges
Utilize biomass materials from a wide range of
sources Cellulose Fiber Corn Apply
biotechnology and nanotechnology to develop
bio-catalytic conversion routes Yeasts Fixed
bed catalysts Enzymes
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Bioenergy Goals (Indiana)

• Total Ethanol Production 200 million gallons by
  2007 (lt10 of national cap.)
• Total BioDiesel Production of 40 million gallons
  by 2007
• 10 biofuels usage by 2010 and 20 by 2025
• 40 E-85 pumps by 1/2007
• Secure Federal Funding for Advanced Bio Energy
  Research (Discovery Park Energy)

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Next Steps - Contd

• Create a showcase, pilot community that runs from
  biorenewable resources to demonstrate the broader
  benefits of these fuels beyond agriculture.
  BIO-TOWN USA
• Ensure that alternative energies can be sold
  competitively for use throughout the States
  existing power grid.

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BIO-TOWN USA

• Reynolds IN
• Opportunities
• Energy Production locally homegrown
• Cleaner Environment
• Solution to waste management
• Potential to grow Indiana Agriculture
• Economic development locally and statewide

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BIOTOWN, USA

• Short Term Goals
• Install E85 ethanol pumps locally
• Provide opportunity for local residents to
  convert vehicles to flex fuel vehicles. General
  Motors is providing support to this.
• B-20 biodiesel to be made available locally

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BIOTOWN, USA

• Long Term Expectations
• To completely meet all the energy needs of
  Reynolds via bio-renewable resources including
• Electric
• Natural Gas Replacement
• Vehicle fuels
• Using environmentally friendly technologies to
  convert animal and human waste into biogas i.e.
  ENERGY!

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Alternative Fuels
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E-n fuel economy
E10AK denatured With iso-pentane Bio-diesel
http//www.ethanol.org/documents/ACEFuelEconomyStu
dy.pdf
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Ethanol vs. MTBE
http//www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us/re_ethanol_mtbe.ht
m
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether was originally
introduced to replace tetra-ethyl Pb as an
octane booster (anti-knock agent).
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Alternative Fuels
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http//www.statcan.ca/english/research/21-021-MIE/
2004001/tables/appx1.htm
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E.G. Skeptical about Biogas

• Digesting tanks at Microgy , Inc.'s biogas plant
• process manure from about 10,000 cows into
• methane and compost. Output 109scf of CH4/yr
• Credit Microgy, Inc., Texas. (105 scf /yr.cow)
• This is what the article says, it sounds high to
  me!
• Article claims that the plant can be profitable
• at 4/kscf for methane, and that they make
• roughly 5M/yr with todays price of 5-7/kscf.
• Plant uses 8 digesters, each with a capacity of
• 916,000 gallons.

http//www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program/pr
oject_brief_detail.cfm/pb_id1160

• Biogas is typically a mix of CH4 and CO2, the
  precise ratio depends on
• the input feedstock, the process used, and
  purification steps taken at the end.
• Raw biogas from simple anaerobic digesters
  working with cow manure is
• roughly 60 CH4 and 40CO2.
• The book suggests that a pound of manure produces
  roughly 1scf of biogas
• It also suggest one cow can produce 6.2x106
  Btu/yr (50 gal. gasoline equiv.)
• which is about 6200 scf of NG or 12400 scf of
  biogas/year. (1/10th of the above)

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Frontline episode on Climate Change
http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/heat
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Flex fuel vehicles

• Last time we talked about E10, E20, E85 etc. The
  website below lists the flex fuel vehicles that
  are available today. Clearly this is not the
  whole fleet, but it is interesting that the list
  tends to be dominated by trucks and SUVs!
• A call to Curry Buick yesterday indicated that
  there is no price premium for a flex-fuel option
  it is just a matter of specifying it, and
  selecting a model for which it is available.

http//www.e85fuel.com/e85101/FFVlist2007.pdf
(for 2007)
http//www.e85fuel.com/e85101/flexfuelvehicles.php
(for 2008)
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Energy from Garbage
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Energy from Garbage
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Energy from land fills
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Fire places/Wood Stoves